Sexual health is not merely the absence of disease; it is a fundamental part of overall well-being. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines sexual health as a state that requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and relationships, along with the possibility of safe and pleasurable experiences free from coercion, discrimination and violence. Yet, despite its importance, conversations around sexual health remain clouded by silence, stigma and widespread misinformation.
Globally, more than 10 lakh curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day among people aged 15–49, most of them without noticeable symptoms. In India, community-based studies suggest that nearly 6 per cent of the adult population may be living with an STI at any given time. However, awareness does not always translate into timely care. Research has shown that inappropriate treatment-seeking behaviour, delays in approaching qualified healthcare providers and concerns about public health services continue to hinder effective STI management.
At a time when myths spread faster than medical facts, addressing misconceptions around sexual health has become more urgent than ever. To separate fact from fiction, we spoke to Dr Dhivya Sharona, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Rela Hospital, Chennai, to debunk some of the most common myths surrounding sexual health.
Myth #1: Contraception pills can cause permanent infertility.
No, medically prescribed oral contraceptive pills do not cause permanent infertility. Fertility generally returns soon after a woman stops taking the pills. In fact, oral contraceptives are commonly prescribed not just for birth control but also to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce severe menstrual cramps, manage symptoms of PCOS, and help improve hormonal acne. The belief that birth control pills lead to long-term infertility is a misconception that often discourages women from using a safe and effective contraceptive option.
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Myth #2: Pain during intercourse is normal and must be tolerated.
No, pain during intercourse is not normal and should not be tolerated. Persistent discomfort can signal underlying health concerns such as vaginal infections, dryness, endometriosis, or other pelvic conditions in women. In men, pain may be linked to inflammation, infection, or urological issues. Ignoring such symptoms can delay diagnosis and allow the condition to worsen. Seeking timely medical advice can lead to appropriate treatment, reassurance, and a significant improvement in comfort and overall quality of life.
Myth #3: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) always produce clear warning signs.
No, sexually transmitted infections do not always produce clear warning signs. Many STIs can develop silently without noticeable symptoms. Infections such as chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), and early HIV may remain undetected for months or even years, increasing the risk of unintentional transmission. Regular screening is an important part of preventive healthcare and should be seen as a responsible health practice, not a sign of risky behaviour.
Myth #4: Discussing sexual health with a doctor is embarrassing and unnecessary.
No, discussing sexual health with a doctor is neither embarrassing nor unnecessary. Sexual health concerns are a routine part of medical practice, and no question related to them is trivial. Early conversations can provide reassurance, clarity and better health outcomes. Open discussions also build trust between patients and doctors, encourage informed decision-making and support long-term well-being. Delaying consultation due to embarrassment may lead to preventable complications.
Myth #5: Only women need regular reproductive health check-ups.
No, reproductive and sexual health check-ups are important for both men and women. While women may need routine screenings such as Pap smears or breast examinations, men also benefit from regular evaluations of sexual function, testicular health, prostate health when age-appropriate, and screening for infections. Fertility issues, hormonal imbalances and sexually transmitted infections can affect anyone. Preventive check-ups help detect potential concerns early, often before symptoms appear.
Sexual health deserves the same attention as any other aspect of healthcare. When myths replace medical facts, people may delay seeking care, endure preventable discomfort or make decisions based on fear rather than accurate information. Open, evidence-based conversations with qualified healthcare professionals can reduce stigma, ensure confidentiality, and provide timely diagnosis, treatment and reassurance.
Seeking medical advice early supports better health outcomes and overall quality of life. We should enable ourselves and others to address sexual health with confidence, responsibility and dignity.
This story is done in collaboration with First Check, which is the health journalism vertical of DataLEADS.
