Despite being one of the most feared diseases, cancer is also one of the most misunderstood. Myths and misinformation can often lead to panic, delay in diagnosis, or inappropriate treatment decisions.
Dr Anandi Pachaury, consultant, surgical oncology, Manipal Hospitals, Dwarka, New Delhi, walks us through some of the most prevalent misconceptions:
Myth 1: Sugar and artificial sweeteners promotes the growth of cancer
Sugar does not fasten the spread of cancer, and avoiding sugar does not heal cancer. However, one should cut down consumption of excessive sugars while undergoing any treatment as it leads to obesity and insulin resistance. There is no conclusive evidence of cancer risk caused by artificial sweeteners when consumed within regulatory limits. Overall, eating nutritious meals will help improve overall health which will contribute to speedy recovery.
Myth 2: Sunlight Exposure Leads to Cancer
Sun exposure alone does not directly lead to cancer. Without protective layers, it increases the risk of skin cancer, particularly melanoma. However, proper exposure to sunlight is vital for the production of vitamin D. Preventive practices like applying sunscreen are essential for reducing the risks of excessive sunlight.
Myth 3: Cancer treatment indicates that you cannot lead a functional life
Many individuals with cancer receive treatment via regular visits to their local hospitals. With treatment advancements, including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and minimally invasive surgeries, it has become possible for many cancer patients to continue their daily routines.
Myth 4: Microwaves lead to cancer
Microwave radiation is non-ionising, which means that it is not strong enough to harm DNA and cannot directly lead to cancer. Although it is a common misconception, microwave does not make any food ‘radioactive’. Also, it is safe to be standing in front of the microwave while it’s operating.
Myth 5: Cancer only develops if there is family history
Most people think if cancer is not part of their family history, it is unlikely for them to develop cancer. Not all cancers are hereditary. They can be caused by lifestyle factors, environmental factors or mutations within. Very few cancers are linked to inherited genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 for breast/ovarian cancer).
Myth 6: Cancer leads to inevitable death
Many types of cancers can be cured if detected early and treated appropriately. Most individuals with certain early-stage cancers, including breast, prostate, and thyroid cancers, are able to lead a quality life post-diagnosis for many years. With modern technology, cancer curing treatments now allow individuals to extend their lifespans.
Myth 7: Cancer is contagious
Cancer itself cannot spread and is a non-communicable disease. It is usually transmitted through intercourse or by sharing contaminated needles. However, certain infections can increase cancer risk, for example - Hepatitis B & C can lead to liver cancer and HPV is linked to cervical cancer.
Myth 8: Cancer can be cured with just alternative medicine
While yoga, acupuncture and dietary changes can help with management, there is no scientific evidence that such treatments alone can cure or reduce the risk of developing cancer. It is always recommended to following the line of treatment being suggested by your oncologist.
Myth 9: Biopsies can cause cancer to spread
A biopsy is crucial in diagnosing cancer and starting appropriate treatment. Some people fear that taking a sample of tissue can cause cancer cells to spread, but there is no scientific evidence to support this. Modern biopsy techniques are safe, and delaying a biopsy out of fear can worsen outcomes by delaying treatment.