Scientists have found that biodiversity in large parks in urban environments can be affected by surrounding, smaller green areas.
The researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan, surveyed two insect families inhabiting large parks in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, one more mobile than the other, the study said.
According to the study, led by Associate Professor Takeshi Osawa, the more mobile family seemed to benefit from surrounding areas, while the less mobile species did not.
The work highlights the importance of managing smaller areas in maintaining biodiversity, the study said.
Prominent green spaces in urban centres provide habitats for local wildlife and are vital to maintaining biodiversity.
However, that doesn't mean other areas are devoid of life: for example, such spaces are often surrounded by smaller, fragmented patches of green like gardens and roadsides which form a "hospitable matrix" surrounding the central park or grassland, the study said.
Though the composition and area of parks themselves are often the focus of studies, surrounding areas are often described as an impenetrable "sea" surrounding the central "island". Their impact on biodiversity remains to be addressed, the study said.
The scientists focused on two insect taxa, Carabidae, or the ground beetle, and Heteroptera. Heteroptera can fly over long distances and are thus able to travel more and spread to the matrix, the study said.
The team characterized the quality of surrounding urban areas as habitats, using satellite data to gauge how smaller green spaces make the matrix either hospitable or inhospitable, the study said.
Through detailed surveys looking at each of the taxa found in traps, they were able to quantify both their abundance and the number of discernible species, the study said.
For Heteroptera, they found that both the number of species and individuals caught were correlated with the area of the hospitable matrix, the study said.
This is direct evidence for how biodiversity may be affected by a network of smaller green spaces surrounding the main "island". On the other hand, they noticed that the diversity of Carabidae was unaffected, the study said.
In fact, the number of Carabidae caught was actually negatively correlated with surrounding green spaces. They believe this to be due to predators using the hospitable matrix to access the central park area and present a threat to the beetles, the study said.
The team's work highlights the importance and often neglected role of small, fragmented green spaces in an urban environment which extends hospitable area for wildlife in parks and other prominent green spaces, effectively forming a larger "concealed island in the urban sea", the study said.
The scientists hope that these findings inform effective conservation strategies to maintain and promote biodiversity in an increasingly urbanized environment, the study said.
