The Nobel Prize for physics has been awarded to scientists from Japan, Germany and Italy. Scientists Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi won the 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics for their "groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems".
The second half of the prize was awarded to Giorgio Parisi for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.
The winners were announced Tuesday by Goran Hansson, secretary-general of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Manabe, 90, has U.S. citizenship. Parisi is Italian and Hasselmann is German. The prestigious prize is worth 10 million Swedish crowns ($1.15 million). Physics is the second Nobel to be awarded this week after Americans David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian won the prize for medicine.
