Pacer Mitchell Starc's unbeaten half century lifted Australia to 256/9 at stumps on the opening day of the first Test at the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium here on Thursday.
At stumps, Starc was unbeaten on 57 runs from 58 balls with fellow paceman Josh Hazlewood giving him company on one off 31 deliveries.
Tottering at 205/9, Starc's fiery strokeplay helped him raise an undefeated 51-run last wicket stand with Hazlewood to take the Australians past the 250-run mark.
Earlier the day, Indian spinners manged to break the resistance of Australian batsmen by hunting down four of them as the visitors struggled to 205 for eight.
Opener Matt Renshaw, who had retired due to upset stomach before lunch, returned post lunch. He managed to be the highest scrorer at 68 from 156 balls before he fell before a spell from Ashwin and was caught by Murli Vijay.
Australia, who lost opener and vice captain David Warner in the pre-lunch session for 38, lost quick wickets post lunch, including that of captain Steven Smith (27), Shaun Marsh (16) and Peter Handscomb (22).
Spinners Ravichandran Ashwin (2/49) and Ravindra Jadeja (2/59) set the Indian attack on track as Smith, Handscomb, Renshaw and Marsh departed in quick succession.
The visitors, apprehensive about the behaviour of the dry track, were more enterprising in the first session when openers Warner and Renshaw were at the crease as they put on 82 in 27.2 overs.
But once they departed, the scoring rate dropped drastically. Skipper Smith cut out all frills and played a dour knock while Shaun was slightly more aggressive in making 16 before falling to Jayant.
Handscomb was caught right in front of the wicket by Jadeja with a quicker, straight ball and five balls later Ashwin had Smith caught at mid-wicket coming down the track in a rush of blood.
Handscomb batted for 45 balls while Smith faced 95 balls and struck just two fours.
India almost had next man Mitchell Marsh sent back caught behind off Ashwin in the same over in which he dismissed Smith, but a review of the decision revealed he had not nicked the turning ball.
Earlier, Warner was looking good before he was bowled for 38 by Umesh and then tall Renshaw retired to the pavilion with an upset stomach close to lunch, which resulted in the arrival of two new batsmen in captain Steven Smith and Shaun Marsh at the crease.
For India, the bulk of the bowling was done by their spin trump card Ashwin, who opened the attack with Ishant Sharma.
Opting to take first strike in the first-ever Test held in this city, Australia initially did struggle a bit against the turning ball.
They managed to score 40 runs in the first hour of play with Warner starting slowly and then attacking off-spinner Jayant Yadav.
Warner was also lucky to be bowled off a no-ball by Jayant when on 16.
Earlier, pacer Umesh Yadav scripted Australia's downfall with figures of 4/32, while the spin trio of Ravichandran Ashwin (2/59), Ravindra Jadeja (2/74) and Jayant Yadav (1/58) shared five wickets between themselves as the visitors lost five wickets for just 56 runs in the third session.
Brief scores: Australia: 1st innings 356/9 (Matt Renshaw 68, Mitchell Starc 57 not out, David Warner 38, Steve Smith 27, Umesh Yadav 4/32, Ravichandran Ashwin 2/59, Ravindra Jadeja 2/74)
