Tired of knee pain? This new procedure could delay the need for joint replacement

A new minimally invasive procedure could provide long-lasting pain relief for people living with knee osteoarthritis, according to a German study published in the journal Radiology.

Knee osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 365 million adults worldwide. The condition can cause pain, stiffness and reduced mobility as the cartilage that cushions the joint breaks down.

The new technique—called genicular artery embolisation (GAE)—targets tiny abnormal blood vessels that develop around arthritic knee joints. These vessels increase blood flow to the knee and are believed to contribute to inflammation and pain.

The procedure involves injecting tiny gelatin-based microspheres into these abnormal blood vessels to block blood flow, helping reduce inflammation and relieve pain without surgery. The particles dissolve within hours after treatment.

The study included 194 people—114 women and 80 men—with osteoarthritis-related knee pain that had not improved after at least three months of standard treatments. Forty-five participants received treatment in both knees, with the second procedure performed within four weeks of the first.

No moderate or severe adverse events were reported. Only a small number of patients experienced mild side effects, which resolved on their own.

During one year of follow-up, patients reported significantly less pain and improved mobility and function, including greater ability to participate in daily activities, sports, and recreation. Their quality of life also improved considerably.

Eighty per cent of patients experienced significant improvements in their knee arthritis symptoms after one year.

"For the right patient, it can mean lasting relief from a single, minimally invasive procedure—a meaningful new option between injections and joint replacement," the lead researcher said.