What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? All you need to know

World AIDS Day, observed every year on December 1, serves as a reminder to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS and honour those who have lost their lives to the infection.

The theme for this year, “Overcoming Disruption, Transforming the AIDS Response,” highlights the need to not only protect the progress made so far but also strengthen HIV services to ensure they remain resilient, equitable, and community-led.

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus):
• HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, weakening its ability to fight infections.
• AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome):
• AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. It occurs when the immune system becomes severely damaged due to prolonged, untreated HIV.

How to prevent HIV transmission

• Practice safe sex, including using condoms correctly and consistently.
• Get tested regularly and seek treatment for sexually transmitted infections.
• Avoid sharing needles or other injecting equipment.
• Seek timely medical care if you believe you have been exposed to HIV.

History of India’s AIDS control journey

India initiated its AIDS control efforts between 1985 and 1991, focusing on identifying early HIV cases, promoting safe blood transfusion practices, and raising targeted awareness.

In 1992, the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) was launched. Over five phases, it evolved from basic awareness creation to a comprehensive system for prevention, testing, treatment, and long-term sustainability.

The current phase, NACP V (2021–2026), aims to build on previous achievements while addressing persistent challenges. It aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, which seeks to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 through widespread access to prevention, testing, and treatment services.

For more information on prevention, testing, and diagnosis, consult a qualified healthcare professional.