Amritsar was a hub of protests against the oppressive Rowlatt Act. Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal led the protests
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In the morning, Kitchlew and Satyapal were asked to report at the deputy commissioner's house, tests. The British feared an impending rebellion.
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Gendemen, you have caused enough damage to peace in Punjab. So we are deporting you to Dharamsala
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Kitchlew was a Kashmiri Muslim barrister and Satyapal was a Cambridge-educated medical practitioner.
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The British tried to keep the arrests a secret. But, the news spread like wildfire. A hartal was declared and people began assembling in the thousands.
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British troopers fired at the unarmed crowd that wended its way towards the deputy commissioner's house. Three men were hurt.
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The firings further provoked the crowd, setting off a series of violent events,
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The mob unleashed its fury on ordinary Britons. Five men were killed by the rioters. They set fire to banks and government offices.
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Marcella Sherwood, superintendent of city mission schools, was rushing to close one of the schools.
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She was attacked by the crowd, and left to die.
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Around 20 Indians were also killed in different places. Their funerals attracted huge crowds.
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The deputy commissioner asked two Indian pleaders to inform people about the ban on funeral processions. But, they reported back that the people had refused to comply.
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Gerard Wathan, principal of Khalsa College, convinced the officers to allow processions up to 2pm. He dissuaded them from bombing the city.
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The funerals went off peacefully; the crowds dispersed well ahead of time,
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But, the British were paranoid. So, more troops were brought to Amritsar.
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In the evening, Brigadier General R.E.H. Dyer, commanding officer of 45th brigade, arrived in Amritsar and assumed command.
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Martial law was declared. Dyer raided the houses of the leaders of the April 10 unrests.
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In the evening, a meeting of satyagraha volunteers was held at the Hindu Sabha School. They decided to hold a public meeting in Jallianwala Bagh, the following day.
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In the morning, Dyer held a parade of troops and prohibited public meetings. But, the proclamation was read only in certain areas.
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It was the Baisakhi festival day. The cattle mela in the city coincided with it. Even though the situation was bad, thousands still made it to the city.
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Brij Lai, 12, was sent to inform people about the meeting in Jallianwala Bagh.
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That afternoon, around 20,000 people came to the Bagh. Some had come specifically for the meeting. But, many simply happened to be there.
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At around 4pm, Dyer received information about the meeting.
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He immididately rushed to the site with his troops.
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At the Bagh, Dyer ordered shooting without any warning. His men fired until they ran out of ammunition.
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The dead and wounded lay unattended in the Bagh. Dyer imposed a curfew to prevent people from coming to the Bagh in search of relatives. The British recorded 379 deaths. But, the actual number of martyrs still remains unknown.
