Blind people are better at sensing their own heartbeats than sighted people, according to a study by researchers in Sweden and Poland. The researchers asked both blind and sighted people to count their own heartbeats without touching themselves, and recorded their actual heartbeats.
The study found that blind people were more accurate at sensing their heartbeats than sighted people. The researchers believe this enhanced ability to feel signals from the body could be linked to emotional processing, and plan to investigate whether changes in the brain due to blindness may explain this heightened sensitivity.
The study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden and Jagiellonian University in Poland has been published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
The study indicates that blindness leads to a heightened ability in feeling signals from the inner body.
Thirty-six blind and as many sighted individuals were asked to count their own heartbeats without checking their pulse or touching their body. At the same time, the researchers recorded the participants' actual heartbeats with a pulse oximeter. Then, they compared the reported with the recorded numbers to assess to what degree the participants were able to sense their own heartbeats.
The analysis showed that the blind participants were superior at sensing their heartbeats than sighted participants. The blind group had an average accuracy of 0.78 while the sighted group had an accuracy of 0.63 on average, according to a scale where 1.0 represented a perfect score.
"The blind participants were much better at counting their own heartbeats than the sighted participants in our study and in several previous studies," says Dominika Radziun, PhD student at the Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet. "It gives us important information about the brain's plasticity and how the loss of one sense can enhance others, in this case the ability to feel what happens inside your own body."
According to the researchers, this ability to sense heartbeats may provide an advantage when it comes to emotional processing. Prior studies have linked the degree of interoceptive accuracy, that is the ability to sense the internal state of the body, to how well people perceive emotions in themselves and others.
"We know that heart signals and emotions are closely interlinked; for example our hearts beat faster when we experience fear. It is possible that blind individuals' enhanced sensitivity to signals from their own heart also impacts their emotional experiences," says Dominika Radziun.
The research group will now continue to study how blind individuals perceive their own bodies, examining if structural changes in the visual cortex, the brain region normally responsible for vision, may explain the increased ability to sense signals from the inside of the body.
