Male breast cancer, though less prevalent than in women, is an increasingly significant health issue. It predominantly affects men aged 60-70, but can occur at any age. As we commemorate Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October, let's not only support women but also acknowledge the often overlooked battle men face against this formidable adversary.
Interview with Dr. Monika Pansari, the Head of the Department and Senior Consultant in Surgical Oncology, specialising in Breast and Gynecological Oncology at Gleneagles Hospitals in Bengaluru.
What are some of the contributory factors for male breast cancer?
Male breast cancer is a rare but important medical condition in which malignant cells form in the breast tissue of men. While breast cancer is much more common in women, it can also affect men. Some factors that may increase the risk of male breast cancer include a family history of breast cancer, certain gene mutations (e.g., BRCA2), exposure to estrogen (a hormone found in females to maintain sexual and reproductive health), Klinefelter syndrome (an extra X chromosome), and radiation exposure.
How common is the problem in men?
Male breast cancer is rare compared to breast cancer in women. It accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. However, it's still a serious concern, and its incidence has been slowly increasing.
Does it have an element of taboo attached to it?
Unfortunately, there can be a level of taboo and stigma attached to male breast cancer, similar to the stigma that can exist with female breast cancer. This can hinder awareness, early detection, and open discussion about the condition.
Are self-examinations and check-ups something that men are advised to do?
Yes, men are advised to perform regular self-examinations and undergo medical check-ups, just as women are advised to do for breast cancer. Early detection is crucial for better outcomes.
What would a self-examination entail?
A self-examination involves checking for lumps, changes in the breast tissue, or any abnormalities. Men can do this by gently palpating the breast tissue with their fingers and observing any changes. If they notice anything unusual, they should promptly consult a healthcare professional.
What are the diagnostic techniques used?
Diagnostic techniques for male breast cancer are similar to those used in women and may include mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and breast biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
What is the treatment protocol?
Like with female breast cancer, male breast cancer is staged to determine the extent and severity of the disease. Staging helps guide treatment decisions. Treatment for male breast cancer typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer. The treatment plan is tailored to each individual case.
How is overall prognosis and survivorship?
The prognosis for male breast cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis and the type of cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for better outcomes. Many men with breast cancer go on to live normal, healthy lives after treatment. Regular follow-up and monitoring are important to detect and manage any potential recurrence.
How common are relapses?
The risk of recurrence depends on various factors, including the stage at diagnosis and the type of treatment. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential to detect any signs of recurrence early.
Why is there so little dialogue around the issue?
The lack of dialogue around male breast cancer can be attributed to its rarity and the prevailing gender norms. Awareness campaigns and open discussions are essential to break the silence and provide support for those affected.
What are the warning signs that men should look out for?
Men should be vigilant about the following warning signs:
A painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue.
Changes in the nipple, such as inversion, discharge, or dimpling.
Skin changes, such as redness, puckering, or scaling of the breast skin.
Swelling in the breast or underarm area.
Are there any contributory factors which have been on the rise in the last few years?
There isn't a significant increase in the incidence of male breast cancer in recent years, but certain risk factors, such as obesity and exposure to estrogen (e.g., due to hormonal treatments or certain medical conditions), may be contributing to the overall risk. However, more research is needed to understand any specific trends or contributing factors better.