In vitro fertilization (IVF) has given hope to millions worldwide, and its reach in India is rapidly growing. Since 2000, there has been a 20-fold increase in the number of IVF cycles performed every year. Yet, despite its positive impact, several myths persist, causing confusion and unnecessary hesitation.
Dr Parul Prakash, Senior Consultant, Head of Reproductive Medicine, IVF, at Artemis Hospitals and Dr Manju Nair, Clinical Director, Department of Fertility, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru, break down the most common myths.
Myth 1: IVF is only for women with fertility problems
Fact: IVF isn't just for women who can’t conceive. Male infertility is a major reason for infertility in India, contributing to about 40–50% of cases. IVF, and sometimes ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), addresses both female and male factors—be it low sperm count, poor motility, or hormonal imbalances.
Myth 2: IVF can be done at any age
Fact: Age plays a crucial role in IVF success. While Indian women are increasingly seeking IVF in their late 30s or early 40s, the chances of success drop sharply after 35 due to declining egg quality and quantity. Early assessment and timely treatment are key for better outcomes.
Myth 3: IVF is always painful and risky
Fact: The process involves hormone injections, monitoring, egg retrieval, and embryo transfer, but most women describe IVF as uncomfortable rather than painful. Egg retrieval is done under anesthesia, making it virtually painless, and most women resume normal activities within a day or two. As with any medical procedure, risks exist but are closely monitored by specialists.
Myth 4: IVF causes birth defects
Fact: There is no strong evidence to suggest that IVF increases the risk of birth defects. Indian and global studies show that most IVF babies are as healthy as those conceived naturally; the mother's age and health matter more than how conception occurs.
Myth 5: IVF always results in twins or triplets
Fact: IVF slightly increases the chance of twins compared to natural conception, but thanks to advances like single embryo transfer (SET), most Indian fertility centers now recommend transferring one embryo at a time to reduce risks. The practice of multiple embryo transfers, more common in the early days of IVF, is now largely avoided unless medically necessary.