Sci/Tech

nasscom-president-has-a-witty-analogy-for-the-crowdstrike-outage

Tue Nov 26 14:13:58 IST 2024

The CrowdStrike issue, the widespread IT outage that occurred last July causing millions of Windows systems to crash, can be likened to hiring a security team to protect your house only for them to accidentally set it on fire, said NASSCOM president Rajesh Nambiar.

Speaking at a panel discussion at an event hosted by India Global Forum in the UAE, Nambiar reflected on the incident, which triggered the infamous "blue screen of death" and disrupted businesses, governments, and daily life across the globe. Key industries, including airlines, hospitals, banks, and retail, were severely affected. Nambiar emphasised that the outage highlighted the critical need to strike a balance between speed and quality in IT deployments.

Nambiar noted that artificial intelligence has a crucial role in minimising issues in the Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment cycles which have to deal with product vendors continuously deploying updates into production. "However, achieving a balance between speed and quality remains essential," he said. "Security and stability are equally important, and systems must be resilient enough to recover quickly when things go wrong. This concept of cyber resilience—building enough redundancies into systems—is vital."

Nambiar noted that there is a tendency to minimize redundancies and maximise performance. "But redundancy, though often undervalued, is crucial for resilience," Nambiar said. He pointed out that the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to prioritise resilience alongside efficiency.

"Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Systems must incorporate redundancies to ensure stability and rapid recovery during disruptions. Resilience, stability, and efficiency must all be equally prioritised to create robust systems,” he emphasized.

Nambiar also noted that cybersecurity for AI and AI for cybersecurity are fundamentally different but equally critical areas. AI systems inherently deal with sensitive enterprise data, often combined with large language models (LLMs) and other advanced technologies, making them prone to risks such as data leaks and security breaches. The large-scale deployment of AI further amplifies these challenges, necessitating robust cybersecurity measures.

Generative AI introduces additional complexities. "When training LLMs, there’s significant potential for biases to creep in, and during inference, these systems may exhibit hallucinations," Nambiar explained. Ensuring security for AI systems requires addressing these vulnerabilities during their development, not as an afterthought. Implementing strong AI governance models is key to building secure, reliable systems that deliver value without compromising safety.

On the flip side, AI is becoming indispensable for cybersecurity, said Nambiar, citing the volume of data in modern cybersecurity exceeds what traditional IT systems or human oversight can handle. “One thing that people are concerned about is the ability for you to have very seamless cyber security management, whether it is identity management, whether it is access management, whether it is in terms of having the cyber security on the data,” he said.

"All of that is better managed through an AI system rather than human beings or the traditional IT system because of the volume of data. The ability for you to detect an incident, the ability for you to process such a volume of data—it's only possible with AI. And hence, AI is much more important for cyber security than anything else."

isro-microgravity-medical-research-somanath-raksha-summit-2024

Mon Nov 25 17:22:33 IST 2024

Plans are in motion at ISRO to leverage the knowledge of microgravity in medical research, to better equip astronauts. Speaking at the recently concluded Raksha Summit 2024, ISRO Chairman S Somanath emphasised India’s potential to invest in and explore the field of microgravity research, connecting it to the healthcare domain.

Somanath highlighted the growing interest in medical research related to space and microgravity. He mentioned that microgravity research, which studies how things behave in extremely low-gravity environments such as space, offers immense opportunities for breakthroughs in medicine, technology, and other fields.

By fostering such partnerships, India aims to harness the unique advantages of microgravity for scientific and healthcare advancements.

How is this significant for the country and ISRO, in particular?

Microgravity is a condition where people or objects seem to be weightless. This is why astronauts and items appear to float when they are in space. However, microgravity can also be experienced in other ways beyond space environments. The term’ micro’ means very small, so microgravity refers to a state where gravity feels extremely weak.

In this condition, astronauts can float inside their spacecraft or even during spacewalks. Even heavy objects can move around effortlessly in microgravity. For instance, astronauts can easily move equipment weighing hundreds of kilograms using just their fingertips.

“Microgravity helps scientists understand how people and equipment behave in space. It has several effects on the human body. For instance, without gravity forcing them to work, muscles and bones can become weaker over time. Astronauts living on the space station spend several months in microgravity. Similarly, astronauts travelling to Mars would spend months in microgravity during their journey to and from the planet. It is important to study the effects of microgravity to ensure astronauts stay safe and healthy during these missions,” explained space expert Girish Linganna.

According to NASA, many things behave differently in microgravity. For instance, fire burns in a different way, and flames become more rounded without the pull of gravity. Additionally, crystals tend to grow more effectively in microgravity. Without gravity, objects can form in more perfect shapes. These experiments allow scientists to discover things that would be difficult—or even impossible—to study on Earth.

The Department of Biotechnology and the Department of Space have joined forces through an MoU to explore biotechnology research in space. This collaboration aims to support India’s Gaganyaan mission, the country’s ambitious human spaceflight programme, the Somanath explained. The research could provide valuable insights and solutions to challenges faced during human space missions.

The ISRO chief added that such research would enhance understanding of how the human body responds to microgravity, particularly the behaviour of body fluids. In microgravity, body fluids tend to move upwards toward the head, which can increase pressure on the eyes and potentially lead to vision problems. Without proper precautions or countermeasures, astronauts may face a higher risk of kidney stones. This is due to dehydration and the increased release of calcium from their bones in space.

Somanath also highlighted a problem with the equipment used in hospitals, noting that much of it was not made in India. Many of these technologies could be designed and manufactured locally, he said, questioning why they were not being produced in larger quantities within the country. He drew a parallel with ISRO’s journey in building rockets and satellites.

ISRO looks to one more ‘made in India’ initiative

“Initially, ISRO had relied on sourcing components and materials from different suppliers and assembling them in India. Over time, the organisation collaborated with industries to localise production, converting many items such as electronic parts, alloys, materials, connectors, chemicals and adhesives into domestically made products. Today, about 90 per cent of these components are sourced from within India,” added Linganna.

The existing ecosystem now supports advanced technology sectors such as defence and aerospace. Somanath emphasised that a similar approach should be applied to healthcare, diagnostics and hospital equipment. These items could be designed and produced in large quantities to meet the demand within the country, he explained. Somanath suggested that companies could collaborate with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to bring manufacturing processes to India. This would enable better innovation and reduce costs, he added. He also noted the growing interest in medical research related to space and microgravity. According to him, this field holds significant potential for research in the near future.

“Microgravity research is significant because it allows scientists to explore phenomena that are otherwise obscured by gravity. For instance, in materials science, microgravity has been used to study the crystallisation of proteins and alloys, offering insights that could lead to improved drugs and more efficient manufacturing processes. In biology, experiments in microgravity can help understand how living organisms respond to weightlessness, which is important for human health during long-term space missions. Furthermore, microgravity research has the potential to help develop new technologies for Earth, such as more efficient energy systems and novel drug delivery methods,” remarked Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, who also became the first Indian woman to experience zero gravity aboard a commercial flight in the U.S

India has been actively pursuing research in microgravity, even though it is still in the early stages of conducting such experiments in space. In 2007, ISRO launched its first dedicated microgravity research project aboard the “Shuttle Endeavour,” which took place as part of NASA’s space shuttle mission. This marked an important step for India’s space program in contributing to global research in microgravity. Additionally, ISRO has supported various experiments in partnership with universities and research organisations, focusing on topics such as fluid dynamics, combustion, and materials science. These experiments help scientists understand how materials behave in zero gravity, offering potential breakthroughs in technology, healthcare, and industry.

While ISRO is gradually progressing in its microgravity research, zero-gravity flights conducted in the United States provide a more accessible and economical way for researchers to conduct smaller-scale experiments. These parabolic flights, often referred to as “zero gravity flights,” offer a cost-effective means for scientists to experience weightlessness for short durations. By using specially designed aircraft that fly in parabolic arcs, researchers can achieve periods of microgravity for up to 20 to 30 seconds, enabling them to conduct a variety of scientific tests and experiments. Many universities and research organisations in the US utilise these flights to explore the effects of zero gravity on biological samples, fluids, and materials.

“The increasing use of zero gravity flights in the US as a testing ground for space research is an economical way for scientists and organisations worldwide to access the unique environment of microgravity. By utilising such flights, researchers can gather valuable data on how materials, biological organisms, and fluids react to the absence of gravity.

This research is essential for the future of human spaceflight, as it provides insights into how we can maintain human health and develop new technologies for long-term space exploration. As ISRO continues to expand its space research capabilities, the lessons learned from these smaller experiments conducted on zero gravity flights will undoubtedly inform and enhance future Indian space missions,” added Kesan.

5-stars-emerge-in-nasa-space-apps-challenge-kerala-karnataka-gujarat-maharashtra-ladakh-entries-2024-finalists

Wed Nov 20 18:13:54 IST 2024

It is a five-star delight for India, as NASA announced the finalists and special mentions in their coveted Space Apps Challenge. Two teams of youngsters became finalists: Dark Mode from Harohalli village in Karnataka and EcoNet from the city of Nashik in Maharashtra. Winners are expected to be announced on January 16, 2025, according to NASA.

Among the special mentions were three entries from India—from Space Odyssee from Kothamangalam town in Kerala, Phyto-makers from Ahmedabad city in Gujarat, and SR-Hub from Ladakh’s capital city Leh.

Nashik-based EcoNet comprised Snehal Sanap, Vedant Purkar, Sanchita Rajurkar, Piyush Satish Sanap, Gayatri Nilesh Duse, and Harshita Gandhi. Their project with the same name was an educational app engaging primary and middle school students in environmental science through a gamified learning environment.

Dark Mode from the village, Harohalli, was a team formed by Manoja D, Rahul S, Aditya Srinivasan, Arya Prashanth, Aryan Choudhary, and Vilas CP. Their project, “Habitable Exo Planets (HEP)”, was an algorithm that determines if any exoplanet is habitable or not exoplanets through astrophysical models and observations.

Forty projects among more than 940 nominees from around the world made it to the finals. With two Indian teams comprising young, bright minds from the country finding their places among the finalists, chances are that we might bag at least one among the top ten spots.

Honourable mentions that narrowly missed the finale

Space Odyssee from Kothamangalam created their version of an “Orrery Web App” with a user-friendly interface to see the movement of celestial bodies. It opens to a visual representation of the solar system, and users can customise their view as they see how the planets orbit around the Sun.

The app shows near-earth objects and potentially hazardous asteroids in a bid to raise awareness of the importance of space monitoring. The team comprised Azeem N, Alan Antony, Aswin Krishna, Anandhu Krishna P, Dhanay J, and Anandha Krishnan A.

Manan Kapkar, Paraj Mehta, Shrey Parsania, Dhriti Sojitra, Shah Nevil Mitesh, and Kher Rudra were the Ahmedabad-based Phyto-makers, who designed a “PACE classroom environment”—complete with interactive quizzes and maps, engaging videos, and DIY projects for learners who wanted to know more about space with data from the Plankton Aerosol Cloud Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite.

The snowy mountains of Leh produced the team SR-Hub, with Girish Gaurav Sharma, Shabd Patel, Ajay Mokta, and Aarushi Saini as members. Their project was a web-based app with the same name that compared ground-based spectral data with Landsat satellite imagery. Users can select geographic areas, see corresponding Landsat Surface Reflectance (SR) data, and get timely notifications about Landsat satellite overpasses through WhatsApp or email.

ios-18-1-1-iphone-security-fixes-should-be-installed-asap-to-avoid-malicious-attacks

Wed Nov 20 13:55:38 IST 2024

While iPhone users await iOS 18.2 for new Apple Intelligence features, Apple has rolled out iOS 18.1.1 update for iPhones with "important security fixes".

Apple said to protect customer, it does not reveal or confirm security issues until an investigation is carried out and patches are released.

The update is available for iPhone XS and newer models. A similar update is available for iPad Pro 13-inch, iPad Pro 12.9-inch 3rd generation and later, iPad Pro 11-inch 1st generation and later, iPad Air 3rd generation and later, iPad 7th generation and later, and iPad mini 5th generation and later.

ALSO READ: iOS 18.1 is not just about Apple Intelligence; here are bug fixes that iPhone users need ASAP

Citing two of the issues, Apple said processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to issues in the JavaScript Core framework and WebKit. The JavaScript bug led to arbitrary code execution while the WebKit snag led to cross-site scripting attack.

The issue was actively exploited on Intel-based Mac systems, according to Apple. However, the Cupertino giant has not clarified if the bugs affect newer Mac systems.

How to install iOS 18.1.1

Go to Settings > General > Software Update
Click download and install
After downloading, you can update immediately or choose Remind Me Later.

When will Apple roll out iOS 18.2?

iOS 18.2 is expected to be rolled out in December. It will be loaded with exciting Apple Intelligence features like advanced writing tools, ChatGPT integration with Siri and image-generating features.

copyright-violation-delhi-hc-issues-summons-to-openai-over-misuse-of-anis-content-to-train-chatgpt

Tue Nov 19 13:30:05 IST 2024

The Delhi High Court has issued a summons against artificial intelligence firm OpenAI over alleged misuse of news agency ANI’s content to train its AI chatbot ChatGPT. The Court has also decided to appoint an amicus curiae for its assistance in the case.

Hearing a plea by news agency Asian News International, the Delhi High Court issued the summons against the American AI company over alleged misuse of copyrighted content of the publisher. ANI has also sought interim directions against OpenAI regarding using its content.

The news agency informed the Court that ANI’s content is being used by OpenAI to train its chatbot ChatGPT. The agency also charged the AI chatbot was attributing false information to it. "It says Rahul Gandhi, Leader of Opposition, gave an interview to ANI when no interview was given. That is the propensity to not just hurt my private rights but also spread fake news," Bar and Bench reported quoting ANI’s arguments.

However, OpenAI informed the Court it has not committed any copyright violation and blocked ChatGPT from using ANI’s content for its training. OpenAI informed the Court that ANI's official website has been already been blocked by it to ensure that its content - as available on the portal - is not used by ChatGPT, the publication reported.

meta-to-challenge-competition-commissions-order-imposing-rs-213-cr-penalty-over-privacy-policy

Tue Nov 19 11:43:07 IST 2024

Messaging app WhatsApp’s parent company Meta is planning to challenge the Competition Commission of India’s order imposing a Rs 213-crore penalty over it for its 2021 privacy policy update and anti-competition practices. A spokesperson of the company said they disagree with the regulator’s decision and would appeal against it.

"As a reminder, the 2021 update did not change the privacy of people's personal messages and was offered as a choice for users at the time. We also ensured no one would have their accounts deleted or lose functionality of the WhatsApp service because of this update," PTI reported quoting Meta’s spokesperson.

Meta also challenged CCI’s order restricting it from sharing WhatsApp data with other Meta platforms for advertising purposes. Owned by tech giant Mark Zuckerberg, Meta said WhatsApp has been incredibly valuable to people and businesses for delivery of services in India, through Covid and beyond.

The CCI on Monday imposed a penalty of 213.14 crore on Meta for abusing its dominant position in the industry and for the means it “imposed” privacy policy update on users in 2021. The regulator observed that while WhatsApp’s 2016 privacy policy gave users the option to opt out of sharing data with Facebook, in its 2021 policy update, WhatsApp made data sharing “mandatory” for all users.

“With the latest policy update in 2021, WhatsApp made data sharing with Meta mandatory for all users, removing the earlier option to opt out. As a result, users had to accept the new terms, which include data sharing with Meta, in order to continue using the platform," CCI said in its order.

CCI said the privacy policy update was an “imposition of unfair condition under the Competition Act” and found the tech firm contravened Section 4(2)(a)(i) of the Act, PTI reported. Besides the penalty, the CCI has restricted WhatsApp from sharing its data with other Meta companies or Meta company products for advertising purposes for five years. It also asked Meta to implement certain behavioural remedies within a defined timeline to address the anti-competition issues.

However, Meta is contesting the order saying WhatsApp is able to deliver various services due to its data sharing with its sister platforms. “WhatsApp is able to do all of this because it offers services supported by Meta. We are committed to finding a path forward that allows us to continue providing the experiences that people and businesses have come to expect from us," it said.

isros-gsat-20-expanding-communication-horizons-with-spacexs-falcon-9-rocket

Mon Nov 18 15:16:33 IST 2024

India is preparing to launch its largest communication satellite, GSAT-20, with the help of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket. Weighing 4,700 kg, GSAT-20 is too heavy for India's current launch vehicles. ISRO's heavy-lift rocket, the LVM-3, also known as "Bahubali" or "Fat Boy," can only carry satellites weighing up to 4 tonnes into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). ISRO turned to SpaceX, whose Falcon 9 rocket can handle payloads of up to 8.3 tonnes in GTO, making it ideal for this mission.

SpaceX was chosen for the task after other options became unavailable. Arianespace, part of the ArianeGroup, was not accessible, and the ongoing conflict with Russia further limited alternatives.

GSAT-20 will play a critical role in enhancing India's communication infrastructure, supporting initiatives like smart cities, and providing in-flight internet access. By leveraging SpaceX's Falcon 9, ISRO ensures that GSAT-20 can be successfully deployed, marking a significant step forward for India's satellite capabilities.

In the past, ISRO depended on Arianespace to launch its larger satellites. However, Arianespace could not offer a slot for the GSAT-20 launch this time. This is because the available commercial slots for the upcoming launches of their new rocket, Ariane 6, are already booked, and their previous rocket, Ariane 5, was retired last year. As a result, ISRO had to look for other options, eventually turning to SpaceX.

The Ariane 5 rocket can carry payloads of up to 10 tonnes to Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO), while the newer Ariane 6 has two variants, namely Ariane 62 (with two boosters) that can carry up to 4.5 tons to GTO, and Ariane 64 (with four boosters) that can carry up to 11 tonnes to GTO.

ALSO READ: Indian on the moon by 2040 'a powerful inspiration for next generation', says ISRO chief Somanath

SpaceX is India's only reliable option since India doesn't consider using China's commercial launch services, and Russia is currently involved in the conflict with Ukraine. ISRO's commercial arm, New Space India Ltd., is in charge of funding, owning, and operating the GSAT-20, also called GSAT N-2. This satellite is part of the ongoing Gsat series of communication satellites.

“The satellite is equipped with a cutting-edge Ka-band high-throughput communication system, designed to deliver faster and more efficient data transmission. It has a mission life of 14 years and operates using 40 beams to send signals. By leveraging dual polarization technology, each beam is effectively doubled, resulting in a total of 80 beams. This advanced system is capable of delivering data at an impressive rate of 70 Gbit/s, with an operational high-throughput capacity of around 48 Gbit/s,” explained space expert Girish Linganna.

As per this expert, in simple terms the satellite functions like an ultra-fast internet provider in space. “Imagine 40 water hoses spraying signals across different regions. With dual polarization, each hose doubles its output, creating 80 streams of data flow. This innovative setup enables the satellite to handle enormous amounts of data with ease. It translates to stronger, faster, and more reliable internet connections, enabling smooth streaming of your favorite shows, crystal-clear video calls, and even internet access during flights. This state-of-the-art technology is built to ensure high-speed, dependable connectivity for everyone, no matter where they are,” added Linganna.

The Ka-band is a specific range of radio frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically between 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz, and is part of the broader microwave frequency range and is commonly used in satellite communications.

“Satellites using the Ka-band can transmit large amounts of data at high speeds, making it ideal for broadband internet services, high-definition television, and other communication applications. Compared to lower-frequency bands (like C-band or Ku-band), Ka-band allows for smaller antennas and higher data throughput, but it is more sensitive to weather conditions, such as rain, which can affect signal quality,” remarked Linganna.

The satellite is designed to enhance the country's communication infrastructure, increasing data transmission capacity, which is essential for the Union government's Smart City initiative. It will also provide internet access during flights. The estimated cost of the mission is expected to be between $60 and $70 million.

Currently, ISRO is working on the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) to overcome the limitation of launching satellites over four tonnes. With a budget of Rs 8,240 crore, the NGLV aims to triple the payload capacity of the current LVM-3. It will have a reusable first stage and will be capable of carrying up to 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit or 10 tonnes to Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). The vehicle is designed to be cost-efficient, with its cost only 1.5 times higher than the LVM-3.

why-you-should-not-wait-to-buy-that-dream-phone-any-longer-smartphone-prices-rising

Fri Nov 15 15:54:21 IST 2024

Thinking of buying that smartphone you’ve been dreaming of but putting it off, hoping that prices will come down or there might be some offers coming up? Or maybe you’re that iPhone fanboy hoping that the company will cut prices now that it is being manufactured within India?

Chances are, you might just end up getting disappointed.

The average cost of a smartphone device globally is set to increase by another 3 per cent this year to cross Rs 30,000 this year. And the increase is forecast to be another 5 per cent next year, according to telecom consultancy Counterpoint Research’s Market Outlook Report released recently.

Mind you, these are only global average prices, considering that many premium phones, especially the foldable ones from certain brands, run upward of Rs 1.5 lakh.

The reasons range from the distinct premiumisation trend seen in mobile customers, especially post the pandemic. Customers, especially youngsters, don’t want to settle for a basic internet phone that can just about function—they want the branding and the plethora of features ranging from camera specs to speed and storage.

ALSO READ | Amazon Haul heading to India? Low-cost online retail store may fill the Temu-Shein market gap but increase textile waste

Technology is another major factor. The transition to 5G pushed phone makers to substantially upgrade the hardware, and the advent of generative AI demanded enhanced computing powers, including more powerful chips and other components.

For instance, in the first six months of this year, sales of high-end smartphones (those priced Rs 80,000 rupees and above) surged by 18 per cent. Mind you, this does not include the iPhone 16 onslaught, which hit markets only in September (and ironically, sparked off a spike in the sales of its previous year’s model, the iPhone 15, particularly in markets like India).

Even Android smartphones, which were considered affordable compared to Apple, are seeing an uptick. When Chinese giant Xiaomi released its flagship smartphone, the Xiaomi 15, armed with the latest Snapdragon 8 Elite chip, along with Qualcomm Oryon CPU and Hexagon NPU, it was priced at nearly Rs 6,000 higher than the Xiaomi 14.

“This trend indicates signals that the upward momentum in the average selling price is likely to persist as more brands innovate and enhance their offerings with cutting-edge technology,” said the Counterpoint report.

The fact of the matter is that the cost of materials that go into a smartphone is simply on the rise. Manufacturers, as well as chipmakers, are pouring massive amounts of money into building more powerful system-on-chips (S-o-C) capable of AI features, and this is going to reflect even further in prices come next year, according to Counterpoint. To cut to the chase: stop waiting; buy that dream phone NOW!

is-elon-musks-trump-love-hurting-x-over-1-million-users-join-bluesky-instagrams-threads-in-24-hours

Fri Nov 15 12:24:06 IST 2024

Social media platform Bluesky, an application considered to be an alternative to Elon Musk’s X, suffered a brief outage in some parts of the world on Thursday, with some users complaining they weren’t getting any notifications. The crash comes amidst rising popularity for the application post Donald Trump’s win in the United States Presidential polls.

A spokesperson of Bluesky, a company co-founded by former Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey, said the outage was due to external factors. Emily Liu, Bluesky's spokesperson told the BBC, “One of the internet providers had some downtime, apparently because a fibre cable was out. That means it happened outside of our company.” The company said not all users suffered the outage and the issue was resolved on Thursday itself.

Bluesky has seen a surge in its popularity since the results of the US elections were out. Netizens cite tech giant Elon Musk’s (who owns X) backing for Trump as one of the reasons for users leaving the platform. Musk strongly backed Trump during the elections and he even watched voting results come in with President-elect. However, X claimed it saw 15.5 per cent jump in new-user sign-ups on Election Day.

Trump recently announced Musk will be part of his administration and he, along with Vivek Ramaswamy will be run the Department of Government Efficiency.

Bluesky recently said there was an increase in its downloads in the US and the UK and its total users have surged to 15 million, two million more from roughly 13 million at the end of October. The application is considered to be a friendlier alternative to X. In October, About 500,000 new users signed up within a day, when X signalled that blocked accounts would be able to see a user's public posts, AP reported.

Meanwhile, Instagram’s Threads, another X alternative owned by Meta, said that over 1 million users signed up in the last 24 hours. Instagram head Adam Mosseri said that Threads had seen more than 15 million sign-ups in November and the platform has had 1 million sign-ups a day for the last three months.

ai-readiness-declines-in-india-only-18-firms-fully-prepared-to-deploy-ai-powered-technologies

Wed Nov 13 18:15:43 IST 2024

Networking and security major Cisco has come out with the findings of its 2024 AI Readiness Index, and it has found that AI readiness among organisations has declined in India, with only 18 percent of them fully prepared to deploy and leverage AI-powered technologies. This is down from 26 percent a year ago. This decline underscores the challenges companies face in adopting, deploying, and fully leveraging AI. The Index finds out that given the rapid market evolution and the significant impact AI is anticipated to have on business operations, this readiness gap is especially critical.

The Index is based on a double-blind survey of 3,660 senior business leaders from organisations with 500 or more employees across 14 markets in APJC. These leaders are responsible for AI integration and deployment within their organisations. The AI readiness Index is measured across six pillars: strategy, infrastructure, data, governance, talent, and culture.

The findings reveal that AI has become a cornerstone for business strategy, and there is increasing urgency among companies to adopt and deploy AI technologies. In India, all companies report an increased urgency to deploy AI in the past year, driven primarily by the CEO and the leadership team. Additionally, companies are committing a significant amount of resources towards AI, with 57 percent reporting that as much as 10 to 30 percent of their IT budget is being allocated to AI deployments.

Interestingly, the Index finds that despite significant AI investments in strategic areas like cybersecurity, IT infrastructure, and data analytics and management, many companies report that returns on these investments are not meeting their expectations.

As per the Index, AI readiness declined across all pillars, with infrastructure identified as a pain point. One of the largest declines was in infrastructure readiness, with gaps in compute, data centre network performance, and cybersecurity, amongst other areas. Companies are investing, but gains fall short of expectations. Over the past year, AI has been a priority spend for organisations in India. AI investments have focused on three strategic areas: cybersecurity (47 percent of companies are at full or advanced deployment), data analysis (44 percent), and data management (42 percent). The top three outcomes they aim to achieve include improving efficiency of systems, processes, operations, and profitability; the ability to innovate and remain competitive; and growing revenue and market share for the business.

There is, however, mounting pressure and urgency from top leadership to implement AI technologies. Nearly half of the companies report that the CEO and the leadership team are driving AI deployment, closely followed by the board of directors. With the clock ticking, businesses in India are accelerating efforts and increasing investments to overcome barriers and embrace AI-driven transformation. In fact, 39 percent of organisations plan to allocate more than 40 percent of their IT budget to AI investments in the next four to five years, a steep climb from 7 percent of companies who said they are allocating a similar portion of their IT budget to AI currently.

The lack of skilled talent in AI is a challenge that many organisations are grappling with in India to be AI-ready. Companies have highlighted this as the top challenge across infrastructure, data, and governance, underscoring the critical need for skilled professionals to drive AI initiatives.

“As the race to adopt AI picks up pace, talent will be a key differentiator for companies. There is already a shortage of skilled talent across various aspects of AI. This means companies will need to invest in their existing talent pool to meet the growing demand. At the same time, it is crucial that all stakeholders—the private and public sectors, educational institutions, and governments—work together to develop local talent so that the entire ecosystem can benefit from the immense potential that AI offers,” remarked Anupam Trehan, VP, People and Communities APJC, at Cisco.

when-will-elon-musks-starlink-launch-in-india-union-telecom-min-jyotiraditya-scindia-responds

Tue Nov 12 16:09:21 IST 2024

Union Telecommunications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia said satellite internet services provider Starlink, owned by American businessman Elon Musk, will be able to operate in India once it complies with all security requirements and secures a licence.

Responding to presspersons on a question regarding Starlink’s operations in India, Scindia said, “They (Starlink) have to comply with all rules to get the licence. You have to look at it from security perspective as well. They are in the process of doing it. Once all requirements are met they will get the licence," PTI reported.

Reportedly, Musk’s Starlink and Amazon head Jeff Bezos' Kuiper have agreed to India’s data security regulations and have consented to fulfil Centre’s data localisation and security requirements. As per the security guidelines, a satellite communications company operating in India must store all data within the country only, Moneycontrol reported.

At present, the government has issued licences to Bharti Group-backed OneWeb and Jio-SES joint venture of Jio Satellite Communications for operating satellite-based internet services in India.

The development comes amid speculations that United States President-elect Donald Trump is considering a key role for the businessman in his administration. Elon Musk fully backed Trump during the recently concluded crucial polls and even made a whopping $1 million donation for Trump's presidential race. A day after the poll results, Musk’s net worth surpassed $300 billion.

In 2021, when Starlink took pre-booking for its services in India, the Department of Telecommunications had directed the firm to refrain from taking subscriptions as it lacked licences to operate in India. The department had also advised the public not to subscribe to Starlink’s services.

watch-space-x-falcon-9-launch-isros-mammoth-communication-satellite-gsat-20-to-orbit

Tue Nov 19 10:46:41 IST 2024

SpaceX launched its first-ever mission for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Monday when its Falcon 9 rocket carrying the mammoth communication satellite GSAT-20 lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

ISRO's commercial arm New Space India Limited managing director Radhakrishnan Durairaj told NDTV that the launch was successful and the GSAT 20 got a very precise orbit.

The communication satellite weighs over 4,700 kg and ISRO's heavy-lift rocket, the LVM-3, also known as "Bahubali" or "Fat Boy," can only carry satellites weighing up to 4 tonnes into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). This forced ISRO to turn to SpaceX, whose Falcon 9 rocket can handle payloads of up to 8.3 tonnes.

The Falcon 9's first stage returned to Earth about 8.5 minutes after liftoff, landing on the SpaceX droneship in the Atlantic Ocean. The rocket's upper stage deployed the satellite in the GRO about 34 minutes after liftoff. The satellite will now make its way to geostationary orbit, which lies 35,786 kilometres above our planet.

The GSAT-20 is equipped with 32 user beams, including eight narrow spot beams and 24 wide spot beams, which will be supported by hub stations located throughout India. The satellite will be instrumental in boosting our communication infrastructure and will aid initiatives like smart cities. It will also provide in-flight internet access.

Also read: ISRO's GSAT-20: Expanding communication horizons with SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket

Space expert Girish Linganna told THE WEEK that the satellite is equipped with a cutting-edge Ka-band high-throughput communication system, designed to deliver faster and more efficient data transmission.

"It has a mission life of 14 years and operates using 40 beams to send signals. By leveraging dual polarisation technology, each beam is effectively doubled, resulting in a total of 80 beams. This advanced system is capable of delivering data at an impressive rate of 70 Gbit/s, with an operational high-throughput capacity of around 48 Gbit/s," he added.

This means, that the satellite functions like an ultra-fast internet provider in space, translating to stronger, faster, and more reliable internet connections.

GSAT-20 has an expected operational life of 14 years.

This was also the third launch in less than a day for Space X, owned by Elon Musk. Before the Indian satellite, the Falcon 9 launched a satellite for the Australian telecom company Optus on Sunday evening and lofted a batch of its own Starlink broadband satellites early Monday morning.

(With inputs from Abhinav Singh)

navic-isro-gps-glonass-alternative-public-access

Sat Nov 09 15:28:44 IST 2024

ISRO is working on making India's regional navigation system, NavIC, available to the public in the near future. Until now, this precise positioning system was mainly used for critical, strategic purposes, such as defence and other key government operations.

NavIC is expected to benefit civilians with its accurate navigation capabilities. NavIC, short for Navigation with Indian Constellation, was previously called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). It is an independent satellite-based navigation system designed by ISRO to provide accurate positioning and timing information across India and nearby regions.

Interestingly, the NavIC system includes a group of seven satellites and a network of ground stations that work continuously, around the clock. NavIC offers precise location services across India and reaches up to 1,500 kilometres beyond the country's borders.

The NavIC system provides two types of services: the Standard Position Service (SPS), which is available to the public, and the Restricted Service (RS), which is reserved for critical, strategic purposes like defence. SPS is the open-access navigation service from NavIC that is available for all civilian users. It provides reliable and accurate location information for daily applications, such as navigation and mapping.

On the other hand, RS is an encrypted navigation service provided by NavIC exclusively for authorized users, like defence and government agencies, offering secure and precise positioning for strategic and sensitive operations.

NavIC to be open to public use via L1 band tech

ISRO's plan to make NavIC available for public use includes launching new satellites equipped with L1 band technology (1575.42 MHz). The L1 band enables improved signal strength and compatibility with common GPS-enabled devices worldwide. This upgrade will allow NaVIC signals to work on civilian mobile phones that have compatible chipsets.

"This effort is intended to make NavIC more accessible and increase its usefulness for everyday purposes. NavIC offers impressive precision, with location accuracy within 10 meters across India and up to 20 meters in nearby regions. Such precise accuracy is essential for many uses, like navigation, mapping, and location-based services," said space expert Girish Linganna.

'A dependable alternative to GPS'

"By allowing public access, ISRO is making NavIC a dependable alternative to global navigation systems like GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. This reduces India's reliance on foreign systems and strengthens the country's navigation capabilities," explained Linganna.

This move will help advance new technologies like self-driving cars, drones, and smart city systems. These technologies rely on precise and dependable navigation to work smoothly. ISRO is focused on growing India's space industry, with plans to launch about twelve satellites each year by 2025, including six GSLV missions. This increased launch activity is expected to open up opportunities for private companies to participate and bring innovation in satellite technology and related services.

This move is also expected to have global implications as well. "Making NaVIC compatible with other global navigation satellite systems allows ISRO to enhance the worldwide navigation network. This compatibility ensures users around the world enjoy improved accuracy and reliability in their navigation services.

ISRO's efforts create opportunities for partnerships in space technology and navigation services with other countries. By sharing its progress, India can build stronger international relationships and encourage joint efforts in space exploration and technology," added Linganna.

Experts observe that with the planned civilian access to NavIC, India's navigation services will have a new dimension of autonomy and localized accuracy. NavIC's potential impact on agriculture, for example, is significant. India's farmers will be able to leverage accurate satellite data for precision farming, enabling them to optimize fieldwork, manage resources more efficiently, and increase crop yields. This access could particularly benefit remote and rural areas, where access to advanced farming technologies is limited.

Precise satellite data would allow farmers to make informed decisions, supporting better planning, yield forecasting, and sustainability in farming practices. In urban infrastructure and transportation, NavIC's expanded civilian access is likely to bring new opportunities for public and private sectors alike.

ALSO READ | Fully electric-propelled satellites that ISRO will launch in December

"By relying on a locally controlled system, India can improve its logistical operations, from managing public transit to optimizing last-mile delivery for businesses. For urban planners and government agencies, NavIC offers a robust tool for building "smart" cities, as it enables precise tracking and planning capabilities for infrastructure development, traffic management, and public services. Furthermore, the system's independence from foreign satellite networks ensures that these applications remain secure and reliable, even in cases of geopolitical tension. India's push toward using NavIC for civilian applications also aligns with the nation's broader strategic goal of technological self-reliance," pointed out Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

With NavIC's data, Indian companies and startups can now develop home-grown navigation services that can compete with foreign offerings, creating new business opportunities within the tech sector. "Startups, in particular, stand to benefit, as they can tap into NavIC's resources to develop apps and services optimized for Indian consumers. This initiative stands to reshape agriculture, urban planning, public safety, and tech innovation, bringing the benefits of cutting-edge satellite technology directly to Indian citizens and paving the way for a more self-sufficient and resilient future," added Kesan.

new-law-to-ban-under-16s-from-using-social-media

Thu Nov 07 15:57:45 IST 2024

Australia is planning to pass “world-leading” legislation to protect children from harmful social media use. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said the law, which will enforced later next year, will ban under-16s from using social media platforms including TikTok, Facebook, X, Instagram and likely Google’s YouTube.

"Social media is doing harm to our kids and I'm calling time on it," Albanese said during a news conference on Thursday. Citing how excessive social media use is harming the physical and mental health of children, Albanese highlighted risks to girls in particular from harmful depictions of body image, and misogynist content aimed at boys. "If you're a 14-year-old kid getting this stuff, at a time where you're going through life's changes and maturing, it can be a really difficult time and what we're doing is listening and then acting," Reuters quoted the PM as saying.

The island nation is currently testing age-verification systems using biometrics and government IDs to block children under 16 from accessing social media platforms. Reportedly, the legislation will not exempt underage users with parental consent or those who already have active accounts.

The prime minister said the law will tabled in the Australian Parliament later this month and it will come into effect next year, after it is ratified by all lawmakers. "The onus will be on social media platforms to demonstrate they are taking reasonable steps to prevent access. The onus won't be on parents or young people,” PM Albanese said.

Australia’s Law Minister Michelle Rowland said the platforms affected by the new law would include Instagram, Facebook, TikTok and X. Rowland added YouTube is also likely to fall within the scope of the legislation.

Industry representative body DIGI called the move dangerous and said it would only encourage children to explore darker, unregulated parts of the internet. Sunita Bose, Managing Director of the body including Meta, TikTok, X and Alphabet's Google as members, said, "Keeping young people safe online is a top priority...but the proposed ban for teenagers to access digital platforms is a 20th-century response to 21st-century challenges.” Bose said creating age-appropriate spaces and digital literacy was the way forward.

green-fuel-energy-efficient-measures-and-use-of-technology-can-help-reduce-carbon-emissions-in-maritime-sector-experts

Wed Nov 06 21:30:12 IST 2024

Can green ships be a reality? Is there enough being done to address the carbon emissions within the maritime industry? What is the latest in the field of sustainable ports? These topics were intensely discussed by industry experts and stakeholders during one of the panel discussions at The Week’s Maritime Conclave 2024 held at ITC Grand Chola in Chennai.

One of the speakers was Sushil Singh, Chairman, Deendayal Port Authority, Kandla and he relied on figures and statistics to explain the practical challenges that await the industry as well as the country if it resolutes to reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emissions.

There are 38,000 vessels in international trade burning 200 million tonnes of conventional fossil fuel annually emitting one billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, he said and added that by 2050, the GHG emissions will increase along with the maritime trade raising “serious concerns.” However, he suggested that if net zero GHG emissions have to be achieved as per the strategy and roadmap outlined by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), action has to be taken immediately. He pitched for short, medium and long-term measures tackle the issue.

“On the short term side, energy-efficient measures need to be adopted like slow steaming, frequent cleaning of propellers, fiction management, optimization of weather routing and usage of energy-efficient technologies on board. So these measures need to be adopted on shipping lines on an immediate basis, but then these have their own limitations in terms of the potential that they offer for total reduction of GHG,” he said.

He pointed out that in the current times, the availability of alternate fuels like methanol, green ammonia, green hydrogen, and its derivatives would be challenging and also expensive given that alternate fuel costs at least 2.5 to 3 times more than fossil fuel. He said that to produce these variants of fuel on a large scale sufficient for the maritime sector to achieve net zero, the production infrastructure has to be upgraded which would require significant investments.

“Scaling up of availability of fuel and improving the affordability of the fuel by reducing the price gap between the fossil fuel and alternative fuel—these are the two factors that will decide how far, how fast and how quickly we can transition from fossil fuel-based transportation system to an alternative, low carbon transportation ecosystem. So India will also have to overcome these two points —affordability and availability.”

Dr. S Nallayarasu, Head, ocean Engineering Department, IIT Madras was asked about infrastructure development exercises in ports that would ensure sustainability in the long run. He took a critical view and said that capacities are being added without addressing the need to upgrade or replace existing infrastructure.

“If you go around east and west coast, at least major ports, most of the major ports have already saturated. Most of them have no physical space to develop. I visited almost all the ports, the infrastructure in terms of physical structures, mechanical equipments and the evacuation systems, Is as old as more than 30 years,” he said, “Normally, we forget that the infrastructure is ageing and we keep adding the capacity but not infrastructure enhancement thinking that the system life is infinite.” He said in such scenarios there are chances of the system failing if its stretched beyond its limit.

In terms of solutions for long-term infrastructure modernisation, Nallayarasu suggested a new approach by adopting unique Master plan and a corpus fund.

He felt that a master plan for ports should reflect on previous master plans to understand what went wrong and what needs reformed instead of going for a completely new master plan. He proposed a corpus fund for ports that would take care of infrastructure enhancements or new additions for the next 50 years including building new structures, if need be. He also said that well-trained manpower and integrating technological solutions operations will also help in smooth and ideal functioning of sustainable ports.

Naveen Prakash, SICCI SCM’s Chair and Director, Global Logistics spoke on how his company was supporting MSME’s by giving customers options to ship low-weight cargo at competitive prices. Regarding their contribution to sustainability, he said that his company was ensuring that through technology, they have weeded out the need for customers to travel physically due to the ease of online services.

Moderator Lekha Ravi, Assistant Professor, School of Maritime Management, Indian Maritime University, appreciated The Week for conducting the event.

“We are actually amazed at the long list of eminent personalities from maritime sector which The week has got together and each of them has put so much on our plate that it has been a veritable feast of what is what, who is who, coming from who’s who in the maritime sector.”

indian-on-the-moon-by-2040-a-powerful-inspiration-for-next-generation-isro-chief-somanath

Tue Nov 05 20:24:21 IST 2024

The nation’s goal of landing an Indian on the moon by 2040 “underscores our dedication to human space exploration and a powerful inspiration for the next generation,” said ISRO chief S. Somanath. He was talking at the third edition of the Indian Space Conclave, organised by the Indian Space Association (ISpA), which kicked off in Delhi on Tuesday.

A platform for the space economy in general and for encouraging the participation of private players, the event still grabbed headline-worthy statements with the larger government-ISRO targets, ranging from India launching space tourism as well as the next step in the nation’s ambitious sun mission.

Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (independent charge) for Science and Technology, Space, and Atomic Energy announced that India will be launching a satellite from the European Space Agency aimed at the Sun next month. India’s solar mission is already off the ground, with the Aditya L-1 reaching its intended halo orbit around the sun earlier this year.

Singh pointed out how India has transformed remarkably from being an observer to one of the potential leaders in the space sector. “Once perceived as a follower, we have now established ourselves as a front-line nation in scientific and technological achievements. This shift has been fuelled by a series of groundbreaking missions and innovative partnerships that have garnered international respect and collaboration.”

Singh added, “India is no longer waiting for technologies to be handed down to us; we are now innovators in our own right, developing solutions that are shaping global standards. The sense of confidence that permeates our space endeavours is a reflection of our commitment to excellence and our vision for a self-reliant India.”

ISRO chief Somanath said, “Realising our vision requires new players, inspired young talent, and a thriving startup ecosystem. With policies that enhance data accessibility, we’re enabling space-based applications to support sectors like agriculture and finance, aiming to create a robust, multifaceted space ecosystem,”

"India’s Vision 2047 marks a historic, long-term commitment to transforming our space programme and expanding our space economy…defining a future where space drives economic growth, national security, and technological innovation,” Somanath said, pointing out how India already has 450 private companies in the space sector, launching and building satellites.

Jayant Patil, Chairman, Indian Space Association (ISpA) said, “Every rupee invested in the space sector is returning over 2.5 times to our economy, and over $60 billion added to GDP in the last decade; this sector is driving significant technological advancement and job creation.”

international-solar-alliance-assembly-india-on-target-to-achieve-500-gw-renewable-energy-target

Mon Nov 04 19:16:17 IST 2024

India will set up 50 solar parks across the country with a total capacity of around 37GW and have identified 30GW worth potential offshore wind energy sites as a part of the Modi government’s mission of achieving a 500 GW renewable energy target by 2030.

The news was announced by India’s New and Renewable Energy minister Prahlad Joshi at the International Solar Energy (ISA) assembly going on in Delhi. The international event is attended by delegates from 96 out of the 120 members, with 29 nations sending their energy ministers.

Joshi incidentally was elected president of the ISA for the next two years, along with co-president France. ISA is a global agency that works with governments to improve energy access and energy security worldwide and promote solar power as a sustainable transition to a carbon-neutral future. ISA’s mission is to unlock US$1 trillion of investments in solar by 2030 alongside achieving 1,000 GW of installed capacity in renewable energy. This, even while reducing the cost of the technology and its financing.

It promotes the use of solar energy in the agriculture, health, transport, and power generation sectors. ISA was launched mainly due to the initiatives of France and India, who are incidentally, the present co-presidents.

For India, the motive of the international organisation aligns well with its own domestic efforts, with renewable energy, especially solar, achieving tremendous growth. India is estimated to be inching close to the 100 GW mark in solar power generation alone.

“Our journey in renewables is one of vision and progress,” Joshi said at the inaugural session of the ISA Assembly. This year’s union budget increased the funding for solar projects by more than 100%, with new schemes like the PM Surya Char Muft Bijli Yojana and tax exemptions on import of critical minerals used in the new energy lifecycle.

ISA, despite being a new international body, has already achieved global acclaim for its projects like the Solar Data Portal, a platform that delivers real-time data on solar resources, project performance, and investment opportunities across countries, as well as the Global Solar Facility aims to unlock commercial capital for solar projects in underserved regions, especially Africa.

In addition, ISA’s SolarX Startup Challenge has successfully identified and supported innovative, scalable solutions for the solar sector in Asia, Africa and the Pacific region, with the next edition of the challenge scheduled to be held soon aimed at Latin America.

what-makes-ladakh-best-suited-for-analog-space-mission-of-isro-which-simulates-mars-and-moon-conditions

Fri Nov 01 18:36:37 IST 2024

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is preparing to conduct an exciting 21-day simulation of Mars and Moon missions in Ladakh’s challenging landscape. This experiment will mimic the conditions astronauts may face in these distant places, helping to test new technologies and gather important data. The Ladakh analog mission aims to explore new possibilities by recreating the harsh conditions found on Mars and the Moon. Ladakh’s remote location, tough climate, and distinctive landscape make it the perfect spot to imitate the challenges astronauts may encounter on these two.

This mission is a joint effort between ISRO, its Human Spaceflight Centre, the University of Ladakh, IIT-Bombay, and Aaka Space Studio, an architecture firm; and will mark an important step forward in India’s efforts to advance human space exploration. The mission supports the Gaganyaan programme and future projects, such as the Bharatiya Space Station, helping India gather important information to prepare for forthcoming space missions.

Analog missions simulate space conditions on Earth to allow researchers, engineers, and astronauts to experience, test, and refine the technologies and strategies required for lunar, Martian, and deep-space missions. These simulations are indispensable for space agencies globally as they strive to mitigate the high risks and costs associated with actual space travel. By recreating the physical, operational, and psychological challenges of space, analog missions offer an environment where protocols, equipment, and human endurance can be assessed and improved, effectively bridging the gap between Earth-bound research and extraterrestrial exploration.

“Ladakh’s dry climate, high elevation and barren landscapes are very similar to the conditions on Mars and the Moon, making it a perfect spot for space simulation missions. This mission will examine how isolation and harsh environmental conditions affect human health and performance, offering key insights into the mental and physical challenges encountered during extended space missions,” remarked space and aerospace expert Girish Linganna.

ALSO READ: What are fully electric-propelled satellites that ISRO will launch in December?

Aaka Space Studio Pvt. Ltd will test new habitat concepts, concentrating on sustainability, efficient use of resources, and adaptability to tough space environments. A lightweight, foldable fabric structure will be assessed for durability and performance under extreme conditions, providing valuable information for future Moon and Mars missions.

“The analog astronaut will record daily biometric data, such as heart rate, oxygen levels, body temperature and other vital signs, to study how the human body adapts to isolation and harsh environments. Ladakh’s rough landscape provides a great setting for practicing spacewalks (EVA) and low-gravity tasks essential for future Moon and Mars missions. The habitat will include a special lighting system to help regulate the astronaut’s sleep-wake cycle, improving well-being during extended isolation. This study will offer important insights into how lighting can support human health in space,” added Linganna.

The mission will also evaluate essential life support systems needed to keep astronauts alive in space. This includes checking air quality, recycling water and ensuring energy efficiency inside the habitat.

Aaka Space Studio Limited was founded by Aastha Kacha, a renowned space architect, technologist and philanthropist. It is a design firm focused on creating interactive, human-centered living spaces. It aims to combine technical expertise in designing habitats for space missions, including those in orbit, on the Moon, Mars and other planets. The studio’s main goal is to design, build and test foldable, livable structures, using Origami-inspired designs in space architecture. In space architecture, Origami inspires foldable, compact structures that expand easily, making them ideal for space missions and habitats.

This firms has become popular in the space industry as India’s first space architecture firm. Registered with the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center (IN-SPACe), the studio focuses on designing habitats for humans to live in space, with emphasis on sustainability and well-being. Additionally, the studio plays an important role as a space educator under ISRO, helping train and mentor future space architects and engineers in India.

The concept of analog missions emerged during the Apollo programme, when astronauts trained in Earth’s deserts and volcanic areas to practice rock collection and navigation techniques that would be essential on the Moon. Since then, space exploration ambitions have expanded, and analog missions have evolved into complex and systematic endeavors, focusing on a wide array of space exploration requirements. From the 1990s, agencies like NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) recognised the critical need for such simulations, especially in anticipation of Mars exploration and the desire for longer-duration space missions.

ISRO has also joined this international effort, running analog missions in Mars-like terrains in India. These include sites such as the Ladakh region and volcanic areas near Maharashtra, which provide an isolated and barren landscape similar to Martian conditions. ISRO’s missions focus on robotic mobility, resource extraction, and environmental testing to gather information critical for future planetary exploration, including testing protocols for potential manned missions to the Moon and Mars.

“Today, over 30 dedicated analog missions operate globally, each with unique conditions and research focuses. Notable sites include HI-SEAS on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii, which replicates the volcanic terrain of Mars, and NEEMO, an underwater habitat off Florida’s coast, simulating microgravity and isolation akin to space. Other significant sites include the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, which has Mars-like desert terrain, and Concordia Station in Antarctica, where extreme cold and isolation mirror the environments of lunar or Martian bases. These missions range in duration from weeks to over a year, with extended missions becoming increasingly common as agencies prepare for long-term stays on Mars,” explained Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

Analog missions address various challenges faced in extraterrestrial environments, such as human factors, life-support systems, operational protocols, and environmental resource management. One critical area of focus is the psychological resilience of astronauts, as analog missions are instrumental in studying human behavior, teamwork, and mental health under extended isolation. Life support systems, including waste management, water recycling, and food production, are rigorously tested to ensure sustainability. Additionally, the missions provide an opportunity to develop and refine operational protocols for tasks like habitat management, equipment maintenance, and emergency response. Another key research area is extravehicular activity (EVA) in which astronauts simulate spacewalks and geological fieldwork under realistic constraints, such as wearing space suits and working with limited communication.

A growing emphasis is placed on in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU), which is the practice of using local resources, like extracting water from lunar regolith or producing oxygen, to support a sustainable presence on other planets. Communication is another major focus, as contact delays in Mars missions could be up to 20 minutes each way, necessitating greater crew autonomy. Analog missions often simulate these delays to train teams for independent decision-making when real-time communication with Earth is not feasible.

“Looking ahead, the expansion of analog missions will align with the evolving goals of space exploration, particularly as global space agencies, including ISRO, intensify their focus on lunar bases and Mars missions. Extended-duration analog missions will become more common to study the long-term effects of isolation and test the durability of habitats designed for Mars. Sustainability will also be a primary focus, with an emphasis on using renewable energy, recycling, and autonomous systems to create self-sufficient habitats. The integration of advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality tools will enhance crew productivity, safety, and resilience,” remarked Kesan.

In the future, as international collaboration increases, joint analog missions are expected to foster knowledge-sharing, cooperation, and unified strategies for tackling the immense challenges of deep-space exploration. Analog missions remain central to humanity’s journey beyond Earth, ensuring that when humans eventually step onto Mars or establish lunar bases, they are well-prepared to thrive.

ios-181-is-not-just-about-apple-intelligence-here-are-bug-fixes-that-iphone-users-need-asap

Thu Oct 31 12:16:32 IST 2024

Apple has released the much-anticipated iOS 18.1 recently and users with iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max and iPhone 16 lineup are going gaga about the new Apple Intelligence features.

ALSO READ: Here's how it's different from latest iOS 18.0.1 that is crucial for iPhone 16 owners

The Apple Intelligence features would not be available for iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Plus or older models. But that does not mean iOS 18.1 is unnecessary for these users. Because iOS 18.1 is loaded with 28 security fixes for all iPhone users.

Major security fixes

Issues in the iOS Kernel and Safari browser WebKit are said to be fixed in the update. An issue in the Kernel, titled CVE-2024-44239, that allows apps to leak sensitive kernel state has been fixed.

Two WebKit issues have also been patched. The first issue, CVE-2024-44261, would have allowed an attacker to view restricted content from the lock screen while the latter, CVE-2024-44244, prevented the Content Security Policy from being enforced when a maliciously crafted web content gets downloaded.

Another issue was CVE-2024-44255, which would let a malware app to run shortcuts without user consent. Three privacy bugs in Siri and a flaw that allows hackers to breat out of Web Content sandbox have also been fixed.

Other bug fixes

In Podcasts, there was an issue with unplayed episodes being marked as played. This will be fixed with iOS 18.1.

Videos recorded at 4K 60 fps while the device is warm have been experiencing stutter while scrubbing the video playback in Photos. This issue has been fixed.

Another issue that has been fixed is the digital car keys not unlocking or start a vehicle with passive entry after restoring from a backup or transferring directly from another iPhone.

There were complaints that iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Pro models failed to restart on certain occasions. This has also been fixed.

Call recordings

This allows you to record live phone calls. There will be an automatic announcement that the call is being recorded.

Camera Control

This new feature allows iPhone 16 series users to switch to the front TrueDepth Camera using Camera Control

Spatial camera mode

For users with iPhone 15 Pro and above, a new Spatial camera mode will be available allowing them to capture spatial photos and videos

Hearing Test and Hearing Aid

Hearing Test and Hearing Aid features require AirPods Pro 2 with firmware version 7B19 or later. The Hearing Test feature gives you scientifically validated hearing test results while the Hearing Aid feature provides personalised, clinical-grade assistance.

The Hearing Aid feature is intended for those with perceived mild to moderate hearing loss. It is automatically applied to sounds in your environment as well as music, videos and calls.

Other improvements

Control Centre will have new options to add connectivity controls individually and reset your configuration. RCS Business Messaging allows you to connect with businesses over RCS. This needs network provider support.

what-are-fully-electric-propelled-satellites-that-isro-will-launch-in-december

Wed Oct 30 14:12:48 IST 2024

Come December 2024, and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will make a significant leap forward by launching its first fully electric-propelled satellites, a mission that promises to redefine India’s approach to space exploration. Known as the Technology Demonstrator Satellite (TDS-01), these satellites will highlight India’s ability to create lightweight, but powerful, spacecraft using modern electric propulsion systems. The launch is significant as it demonstrates India’s progress in space technology.

Experts point out that the integration of electric propulsion systems signifies a departure from traditional chemical thrusters and highlights the agency’s drive to enhance satellite efficiency, longevity, and operational flexibility. This move not only demonstrates ISRO’s technological capabilities but also places it in step with leading space agencies and private players, such as SpaceX, OneWeb, and China, all of which have been deploying electric propulsion in their satellite constellations.

Electric propulsion offers several key advantages that make it an attractive choice for ISRO. “It drastically reduces the amount of propellant needed compared to chemical propulsion. Traditional satellites rely on chemical fuel for orbit-raising and station-keeping, consuming a significant portion of their mass in the process. Electric propulsion, by contrast, uses small amounts of propellant, which is accelerated to high speeds using electrical energy, allowing satellites to perform the same tasks with much greater fuel efficiency. This efficiency enables ISRO to reduce the weight of its satellites, allowing more room for payloads or additional instrumentation, ultimately enhancing mission capacity,” remarked Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

Moreover, electric propulsion extends the operational life of satellites. With traditional systems, once a satellite runs out of fuel, it becomes inoperable, even if its components are still functional. Electric propulsion, with its efficient use of fuel, allows satellites to stay operational for longer periods, providing better value or money and reducing the need for frequent replacements. This is particularly valuable for communications satellites, which need to maintain precise positions in geostationary orbit for years.

"A ajor critical advantage of electric propulsion is its flexibility in orbital maneuvering. Satellites equipped with electric propulsion can make more precise orbital adjustments, making them suitable for missions that require fine control over satellite positioning, such as remote sensing, navigation, and scientific research missions. This flexibility will allow ISRO to expand its satellite capabilities, opening new possibilities for advanced Earth observation systems and interplanetary missions,” added Kesan.

Interestingly electric propulsion, a technology that dates back to the 1960s with the Soviet Union’s Zond 2 probe, has evolved to become a cornerstone of modern satellite design. The first commercial application of this technology came with PanAmSat’s PAS-5 satellite in 1997, which used an electric thruster for station-keeping, marking the beginning of the transition from chemical to electric propulsion for satellites. In recent years, this technology has gained widespread adoption, thanks to its ability to drastically reduce fuel consumption and extend satellite lifetimes.

The TDS-01 satellite will be the first Indian satellite to feature an electric propulsion system developed entirely indigenously. This system operates by using gases, such as argon, which are ionized (charged) and then powered by solar energy to generate thrust. This method makes the satellite more efficient and reduces the need for large amounts of fuel.

"The satellite’s solar panels capture energy from the Sun and convert sunlight into electricity, which then powers various functions, including the electric propulsion system. This process not only helps the satellite move but also ensures that it uses less fuel, making the spacecraft lighter and more cost-effective. In addition to the electric propulsion system, the satellite will include travelling wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs), devices that are crucial for strengthening the satellite’s communication signals and remote-sensing tasks. TWTAs ensure the signals are powerful enough to reach Earth or other spacecraft. This allows for clear data transmission and reliable communication between the satellite and ground stations,” explained space and aerospace expert Girish Linganna.

All parts of the satellite, including the electric thrusters and TWTAs, have been completely developed in India. This highlights the country’s ability to create advanced satellite technologies on its own. "Electric thrusters are engines used in satellites and spacecraft that generate thrust by using electricity to accelerate charged particles (ions). Unlike traditional rocket engines that burn fuel to create force, electric thrusters use much less fuel and are more efficient over long periods, making them ideal for space missions. The satellite will weigh less than two tons, but have the same power as a traditional satellite that weighs four tons. The electric propulsion system will help the satellite stay in orbit for a longer time, which will extend its overall lifespan,” added Linganna.

Experts point out that since electric propulsion requires less fuel and results in a lighter satellite, it can significantly reduce launch and operational costs. Electric propulsion enables more efficient control of the satellite’s position and movement in orbit. Compared to chemical propulsion, electric systems produce fewer emissions, making them more environment-friendly.

There are challenges too. “Electric propulsion produces less thrust than chemical systems, making it slower for the satellite to reach its final orbit. As said earlier, while chemical thrusters can reach a geostationary orbit in about a week, electric propulsion may take up to three months. Additionally designing and implementing electric propulsion systems is more complex and requires advanced technology and specialized knowledge,” said Linganna.

apple-expected-to-roll-out-ios-181-update-loaded-with-apple-intelligence-features-today-key-features-to-expect

Mon Oct 28 16:59:03 IST 2024

Tech giant Apple is expected to roll out its much anticipated iOS 18.1 for its devices today. The new software update for Apple devices will include some of ‘Apple Intelligence’ features. While Apple has not officially announced the release time, the update is expected to be rolled out in India later tonight.

Apple fans have been waiting to try out Apple Intelligence features, which were introduced during the Cupertino giant's WWDC event in June. Though iOS 18 is compatible with devices from iPhone SE (2nd gen), Intelligence features will be available only on recently released devices like iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max, iPhone 16, iPhone 16 Plus, iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max. Apple recently introduced its new iPad mini designed for Apple Intelligence. Intelligence features will also be available with iPadOS 18.1, and macOS Sequoia 15.1.

However, not all Apple Intelligence features will be available with the new update, Beebom reported. According to a report, the new software update is expected to come with Intelligence features like writing tools, clean up tool, call recording transcription, memory movie, new Siri UI, suggested replies in mail and messages, summarize web pages in Safari and reduce interruptions focus mode.

“With Writing Tools, users can refine their words by rewriting, proofreading, and summarising text nearly everywhere they write, including Mail, Notes, Pages, and third-party apps,” Apple said. In Photos, users can create movies using the ‘Memories’ feature by just typing in a description. With ‘Clean Up’ tool, iPhone users can remove distracting elements from their images with just a single tap, without altering the subject. Users can also use Intelligence to record, transcribe, and summarise audio in the Notes and Phone apps.

Apple says Apple Intelligence has been designed to “get things done effortlessly”. The US tech giant has also integrated ChatGPT into its Siri and writing tools features. In a release last month, Apple said Apple Intelligence will be first launched in US English and will be expanded to other languages and localised English over the course.

lupex-lander-a-heavyweight-champion-for-lunar-exploration

Mon Oct 28 15:16:16 IST 2024

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to team up with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to build a large lander for the forthcoming Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) mission. This mission, also known as Chandrayaan-5, is expected to launch in 2028. The new lander will be designed to carry a 350 kg rover, which is 14 times heavier than the Pragyaan rover used in the Chandrayaan-3 mission. This significant increase in the rover’s weight marks a major leap in ISRO’s ability to explore the Moon.

Interestingly, the lunar south pole has drawn a lot of scientific interest because it may contain water ice deposits and the LUPEX mission aims to explore this area. A key part of the mission is the heavy lander module that ISRO is working on. This lander will be equipped with advanced features to handle the larger payload, such as new engines, fuel tanks, control systems and landing gear. The main goal of the mission is to demonstrate technologies needed for future lunar landings, such as carrying more cargo, analysing samples on the Moon, longer stays on the lunar surface and landing with greater precision.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission, launched in 2023, was a follow-up to the Chandrayaan-2 mission with the aim of demonstrating the ability to safely land and operate a rover on the Moon’s surface. The lander, Vikram, was built to carry a payload of 26 kg, which is much lighter compared to the 350 kg rover planned for the LUPEX mission. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft included such advanced technology as a Laser Doppler Velocimeter, a Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera and Throttleable Liquid Engines. Thanks to these systems, the lander successfully deployed the Pragyaan rover for on-site chemical analysis and achieved a smooth landing on the Moon.

“One of the biggest advantages of a heavier lander is its ability to carry larger and more advanced scientific tools. The 350 kg rover for the LUPEX mission will be able to transport more complex equipment, allowing for more detailed scientific studies. With this increased capacity, the mission can gather and analyse data more thoroughly, leading to better scientific results. On the other hand a heavier lander module offers greater stability during landing. Its increased weight helps maintain a steady descent, reducing the risk of tipping over upon touchdown. This stability is crucial for accurate landings, especially in such challenging areas as the lunar south pole,” remarked space and aerospace expert Girish Linganna.

Experts point out that heavier lander modules can carry bigger power sources, such as larger solar panels or batteries, which allow them to operate longer on the Moon’s surface. This extended operation time enables the mission to perform more scientific experiments and gather more data, boosting its overall success. The Moon experiences extreme temperature changes, with daytime highs of up to 127°C and nighttime lows of -173°C. To protect delicate instruments from these harsh conditions a heavier lander can be equipped with stronger thermal management systems.

“With the increased payload capacity of heavier lander modules, redundant systems and backup components can be included, boosting the mission’s reliability. This redundancy is crucial for longer missions because the failure of one component could jeopardise the entire operation,” observed Linganna

The LUPEX lander will carry far more scientific payloads than its predecessors, significantly enhancing its ability to conduct in-depth exploration of the Moon’s polar regions. The decision to build a 26-ton lander was driven by the need to carry larger payloads, which include advanced scientific instruments, a highly sophisticated rover, and extended power systems capable of surviving the harsh conditions of the lunar night, which lasts up to 14 Earth days.

“The lander’s larger size will allow for more complex scientific investigations, including drilling into the lunar surface to analyse ice and volatiles, mapping mineral distributions, and studying the Moon’s geology. This represents a major leap forward compared to the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which was designed to validate India’s ability to perform soft landings. While Vikram was instrumental in demonstrating India’s technical prowess, the LUPEX lander must perform far more complex tasks, making its increased weight and size crucial for mission success,” remarked Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

Landing such a large vehicle on the lunar surface presents unique engineering challenges. For comparison, the Chandrayaan-3 lander, with a weight of under two tons, required relatively moderate propulsion systems and a simple descent algorithm to achieve a soft landing. For the LUPEX lander, which weighs 26 tons, the engineering hurdles are significantly greater.

“To control the descent of such a massive payload, ISRO is developing advanced propulsion systems and descent algorithms capable of managing the increased weight. The lander will also be equipped with terrain navigation systems that allow it to identify and avoid obstacles like boulders and craters, ensuring a precise and safe landing near the lunar South Pole. These systems will be coupled with high-resolution sensors that guide the lander through its final descent, drawing on ISRO’s successful track record with the Chandrayaan-3 mission. Additionally, the increased gravitational pull on the heavy lander will require more fuel for deceleration, leading to the need for efficient fuel management systems and precise thrust control. To address this, ISRO is exploring innovative propulsion technologies that can handle the complex dynamics of landing a 26,000 kg lander in the Moon’s low-gravity environment,” explained Kesan.

The module is indeed heavy and many other modules that were developed were lightweight. Take the case of NASA's Peregrine Mission 1 lunar lander, built by Astrobotic, weighed 1,283 kg (2,829 lb) and could carry a payload of up to 90 kg (198 lb) to the Moon’s surface. It was designed to deliver scientific instruments, technology demonstrations and other payloads for various customers, including NASA and commercial entities. However, during its launch in January 2024, Peregrine Mission 1 experienced a propellant leak and was unable to land on the Moon. “when compared the Blue Origin’s Blue Moon is a lunar lander designed to transport cargo and eventually astronauts to the Moon. Developed for NASA’s Artemis programme, specifically Artemis V, will launch no earlier than 2029. The lander has two versions—Mark 1 for cargo, carrying up to 3 tons and Mark 2 for crew. Weighing approximately 16.5 tons fully fuelled, Blue Moon is powered by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants. It is a key component in establishing a sustainable human presence on the Moon,” pointed out Linganna.

The ESA’s Lunar I-Hab module is a habitat for astronauts on the Lunar Gateway, a future space station orbiting the Moon. Offering 10 cubic metres of living space, it will support 90-day missions and host scientific experiments. Weighing 10,000 kg, it will be launched by Artemis IV, possibly in 2029 or later. Developed by the ESA with JAXA’s support, the I-Hab ensures a safe environment, showcasing international collaboration for sustained lunar exploration.

german-brand-launches-digital-condom-netizens-say-they-feel-safe

Sun Oct 27 17:20:12 IST 2024

German sexual wellness brand Billy Boy has launched something unusual, a digital condom, as part of its initiatives for safe sex. Called ‘Camdom’, the brand said the digital condom has been launched to protect a person’s privacy.

Billy Boy recently launched ‘Camdom’, an application that restricts users from recording private moments on their phones. “Camdom is your digital condom that prevents anyone from taking photos, films or recordings without consent,” the firm said on their website. The firm said using Camdom is “as easy as using a real condom” and multiple devices could be connected at the same time.

The Camdom app developer Felipe Almeida said, “In order to protect you from the recording of non-consensual content, we've created the first app that can block your camera and mic simply through the use of Bluetooth,” Times of India reported. Explaining how the app works, Billy Boy said that after downloading the application on mobile phones, users, before intimate moments, have to bring their phones closer and swipe down a black button to block cameras and microphones of both devices.

“The app can be used on multiple devices at the same time. If one of the devices is disconnected without consent, an audio-visual alarm will be activated,” Billy Boy said. Users can disconnect their devices by simply holding the unlock button on connected devices for three seconds.

Responding to the launch, a netizen felt the idea “cool” while another opined it was an important issue that none actually gave a thought about.

google-photos-to-soon-reveal-whether-ai-was-used-to-edit-photographs

Sat Oct 26 16:32:39 IST 2024

As part of its initiative to improve transparency in using Artificial Intelligence tools, Google Photos will soon highlight whether its AI tools were used while editing an image. According to Google, the new feature will be rolled out in the Photos app from next week.

In a recent blog, Google said with the increasing use of AI for photo editing, especially with the use of its editing tools like magic editor and magic eraser in the Photos app, it will highlight the use of AI tools as part of its steps to improve transparency. If AI tools have been used to edit an image, it will be shown along with the file name, the tech giant said.

“As we bring these tools (Magic editor and magic eraser) to more people, we recognize the importance of doing so responsibly with our AI Principles as guidance. To further improve transparency, we’re making it easier to see when AI edits have been used in Google Photos. Starting next week, Google Photos will note when a photo has been edited with Google AI right in the Photos app,” John Fisher, the engineering director of Google Photos said in a blog.

Google noted that already photos edited with its tools like magic editor, magic eraser and zoom enhance include metadata based on technical standards from The International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) to indicate that they’ve been edited using generative AI. “Now we’re taking it a step further, making this information visible alongside information like the file name, location and backup status in the Photos app,” he said.

all-you-need-to-know-about-nisars-radar-reflector-antenna-which-arrived-from-nasa

Fri Oct 25 15:41:22 IST 2024

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission has reached a significant milestone with the recent arrival of its radar antenna reflector at the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) facility in Bengaluru. This crucial component, measuring approximately 39 feet (12 meters) in diameter, is designed to enhance the satellite's capabilities in monitoring Earth's vital signs, including ice mass changes, wetland health, and land deformation due to natural disasters.

As a collaborative effort between two of the world's leading space agencies, NISAR promises to revolutionize our understanding of the planet. After arriving in Bengaluru from NASA on a C-130 cargo jet, the reflector was sent to the ISRO's Spacecraft Integration and Test Establishment for reintegration with the NISAR spacecraft in preparation for further testing.

The NISAR reflector is shaped like a drum and is one of NASA’s contributions to this joint project. By helping focus the transmitted and received microwave signals to and from Earth’s surface, the reflector allows NISAR to scan almost all of the land and ice surfaces twice every 12 days, to gather scientific data. Before being flown to India, the reflector was at a specialised facility in California, where engineers applied reflective tape and took other precautionary measures to mitigate temperature increases that could have hampered the reflector’s deployment from its stowed (folded) configuration prior to beginning science operations.

“NISAR observations will assist civilization by allowing researchers across the world to better comprehend changes in our planet’s surface, including ice sheets, glaciers and sea ice. It will also record changes in its forest and wetland ecosystems, as well as movement and deformation of our planet’s crust from earthquakes, landslides and volcanic activity. NISAR’s global and rapid coverage will provide new chances for disaster response, generating data to aid in damage mitigation and assessment, as well as observations before and after disasters in short time frames,” explained space and aerospace expert Girish Linganna.

NISAR has two Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) on board: an L-band (L-SAR) and an S-band (S-SAR). It will be the first satellite to use two separate radar frequencies. The SAR technique can pierce clouds and work in darkness, allowing continuous surveillance regardless of weather conditions. As a result, the L-SAR will be utilized to monitor landscape topography and densely forested areas. Higher S-band frequencies will be utilized to monitor soil moisture, especially in the polar regions, because they are less affected by the ionosphere.

Both devices will cover a distance of 242 km. L-SAR can handle 1.25 GHz frequencies with a spatial resolution of 3 - 48 metres, whereas S-SAR can handle 3.2 GHz frequencies with a resolution of 3 - 24 metres. NISAR will be in a sun-synchronous orbit at 747 km altitude and 98.4° inclination. It will last 100 minutes and repeat every 12 days.

“NISAR employs a customised version of ISRO’s I3K spacecraft bus, which connects to a 9-metre-long radar antenna boom (a lengthy structure that holds and places the antenna away from the main satellite body), which supports a 12-metre-wide radar antenna reflector. Simply put, the spacecraft bus serves as the primary structure or ‘body’ that transports all of the mission equipment. The boom keeps the radar reflector properly positioned to scan wide portions of Earth’s surface from space, allowing the satellite to collect comprehensive data for scientific research,” said Linganna.

NASA is providing the L-Band SAR payload, while ISRO is contributing the S-Band SAR payload. Both radar systems will share a large, foldable antenna that opens up to about 12 metres in diameter. Along with this, NASA will also supply key engineering equipment for the mission. This includes a system to manage and store data, a high-speed data transmission setup, GPS receivers for navigation and a solid-state recorder to store information.

“NISAR will provide insights into how climate change impacts ecosystems and ice sheets, particularly in regions like Antarctica and Greenland. The satellite's advanced radar technology will allow scientists to monitor changes in ice thickness and movement, providing invaluable data for climate models. The satellite's rapid coverage capabilities will aid in assessing and mitigating damage from natural disasters like earthquakes, landslides, and flooding. By providing timely data on ground deformation and land use changes, NISAR can help emergency responders make informed decisions during crises,” observed Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

In addition to this, NISAR will monitor forest and wetland ecosystems, contributing valuable data for biodiversity conservation efforts.

Understanding the health of these ecosystems is essential for sustainable development and resource management. NISAR will also measure changes in groundwater levels, which is crucial for agricultural planning and water resource management in India and beyond.

The integration of NISAR's radar reflector at ISRO's Bengaluru facility not only signifies a technological advancement but also presents substantial economic benefits for India.

“The project has already generated employment opportunities within ISRO and related sectors. As the mission progresses towards launch in early 2025, further job creation is expected in engineering, research, and operational roles. The collaboration is likely to involve thousands of professionals across various disciplines, from software development to satellite operations. Collaborating with NASA provides Indian scientists and engineers exposure to advanced technologies and methodologies, enhancing their skill sets and fostering innovation. Training programmes associated with the mission will equip local talent with cutting-edge skills that can be applied across multiple sectors,” added Kesan.

Successfully executing such a high-profile international mission elevates India's status in global space exploration and Earth observation initiatives. It positions India as a key player in addressing global challenges related to climate change and environmental monitoring. The technological advancements derived from this mission could lead to innovations that benefit various industries, including agriculture, urban planning, and disaster management. By leveraging satellite data for better decision-making, India can boost its economic resilience against climate-related challenges.

“In addition to its scientific and economic implications, the NISAR mission also offers educational opportunities for students in both countries. NASA Administrator Nelson plans to engage with students during his visit to discuss science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This interaction aims to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers who will play crucial roles in tackling global challenges related to climate change and sustainability,” remarked Kesan.

andhra-pradesh-showcases-drone-technology-during-recent-floods-as-a-success-story

Thu Oct 24 22:59:28 IST 2024

The 'Amaravati Drone Summit 2024' provided the perfect platform for Andhra Pradesh to highlight the successful use of drone technology during the recent floods that ravaged Vijayawada and surrounding areas.

AP Drone Corporation Managing Director, K. Dinesh Kumar, presented a comprehensive case study detailing the key role that drones played in the state's flood disaster management and relief efforts.

Responding to the disaster, the state deployed 437 drones which completed 4000 trips. The exercise was undertaken by 846 skilled professionals. Drones became essential for real-time flood mapping, allowing authorities to monitor inundated areas and assess damage with speed and precision.

The state’s emergency response teams relied heavily on drone footage for quick decision-making, especially focusing on low-lying areas. According to the state government, a control room was established at the NTR District Collectorate, where 20 operators monitored live drone feeds from 22 flood-affected wards, identifying critical issues like crowd distress, garbage piles, dead animals and sanitation problems.

Over a six-day period, the drones delivered more than 1,23,731 relief packages to flood victims. On peak days, such as September 4, drones made as many as 80,630 deliveries. Not stopping at just that, 100 sanitation drones were deployed to spray 3,078 litres of disinfectant over 284 Km of flood-affected areas to prevent the outbreak of diseases.

The state leveraged Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for data analytics by processing information gathered from drone surveillance. Andhra Pradesh also launched a sandbox initiative that offered startups access to drone-collected data to create innovative solutions for disaster management. The Amaravati Drone Summit attracted over 11,000 attendees including 4,000 participants and 62 experts who doubled up as panel speakers.

Visuals of inundated roads and people trapped in houses crying for help dominated news channels and social media after the floods hit the southern state. The Krishna River was overwhelmed, resulting in the worst floods in the last 100 years. Rainfall of over 32 cm was recorded between August 31 and September 1 which displaced over 200,000 people. The floods also paralyzed transportation systems and crippled infrastructure as many commercial establishments were inundated by knee-deep water.

cabinet-approves-rs-1000-crore-venture-capital-fund-to-boost-space-sector

Thu Oct 24 18:36:51 IST 2024

India will get a Rs 1000 crore venture capital fund to boost the space sector. The fund aims to address the need for risk capital, as traditional lenders are hesitant to fund startups in this high-tech sector.

There are nearly 250 space startups emerging across the value chain which may need financial support, the cabinet note said.

This approval was given by the union cabinet on Thursday as part of its 2020 space sector reforms. Under these reforms, the government set up IN-SPACe to promote and oversee private sector participation in space activities.

The officials said the Rs 1000 crore venture capital fund would support the growth of India's space economy, currently valued at S8.4 billion, with a target to reach $44 billion by 2033.

"The proposed government-backed fund will boost investor confidence, attract private capital, and signal the government's commitment to advancing space reforms," the cabinet statement said.

The proposed Rs 1,000 crore VC fund is planned to be up to five years from the actual date of start of the fund operations.

The average deployment amount could be Rs 150-250 crore per year, depending on the investment opportunities and fund requirements.

The government said the fund will create a multiplier effect by attracting additional funding for later-stage development, thereby instilling confidence in private investors along with retention of space companies domiciled within India. This will help counter the trend of Indian companies setting base abroad.

g42-launches-nanda-a-new-hindi-language-model-at-uae-india-business-forum

Thu Oct 24 18:21:08 IST 2024

G42, a leading AI-based firm in Abu Dhabi, UAE, has announced the upcoming launch of NANDA, a Hindi Large Language Model (LLM), designed predominantly for Hindi speakers in India.

The announcement was made in the presence of His Highness Sheikh Khaled bin Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi during the UAE-India Business Forum in Mumbai on September 10, 2024.

NANDA was named after Nanda Devi, second-highest mountain in India, after Kangchenjunga. The program is a 13-billion parameter model trained on approximately 2.13 trillion tokens of language datasets, including Hindi, English and Hinglish.

The project is a collaboration between Inception (a G42 company), Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (the world’s first graduate research university dedicated to AI) and Cerebras (an American artificial intelligence company based in Sunnyvale, California, with an office in Bangalore).

Manu Jain, the CEO of G42 India, has said that India has solidified its position as a “global technology leader”, with many initiatives like ‘Digital India’ and ‘Startup India’ emerging under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership.

As the country stands on the brink of AI-powered growth, G42 is proud to contribute to this journey with the launch of NANDA in support of India's AI ambitions,” says Jain.

Dr Andrew Jackson, Acting CEO of Inception, says that, “G42 has a strong track record in the development of language and domain-specific LLMs. With NANDA, we are heralding a new era of AI inclusivity, ensuring that the rich heritage and depth of Hindi language is represented in the digital and AI landscape. NANDA exemplifies G42’s unwavering commitment to excellence and fostering equitable AI.”

Earlier this year, leading software company Microsoft, invested $1.5 billion in G42, hoping to advance AI’s capabilities and broaden its reach.

This is not the first time that G42 has created a language model AI. Back in 2023, they launched an Arabic LLM called ‘JAIS’, the first of its kind.

“JAIS set a new standard for linguistic AI which G42 now seeks to replicate for other regions whose languages are still underrepresented,” the company said.

Building on the success of JAIS, the release of NANDA hopes to empower India’s scientific, academic, and developer communities while at the same time growing the Hindi language AI ecosystem.

garmin-launches-new-fenix-8-series-smartwatches-in-india-price-starts-at-rs-86990

Thu Oct 24 12:06:23 IST 2024

Garmin smartwatches, known for its high-quality GPS, fitness stats, durability, and detailed workout features, has released its new Fenix 8 series in India. The smartwatch has already garnered an overwhelming response from the global market.

The Fenix 8 series is available in three sizes – 43mm, 47mm, and 51mm. While all come in the AMOLED version, the solar-charging models are available only in the 47mm and 51mm variants. The watch is topped with a scratch-resistant sapphire lens and features a titanium bezel. The additional features of the multi-sport smartwatch include a built-in speaker and mic for voice commands and phone calls. However, the highlight of the new launches is the fitness and workout features that allow for exhaustive performance tracking.

ALSO READ | Redmi Watch 5 Active: Chunky budget-friendly smartwatch with long battery life and bright display

There are advanced strength training plans for sport-specific workout activity trackers; advanced mapping with TopoActive maps with relief shading and built-in maps for golf courses and ski resorts worldwide; dynamic round trip routing to help wearers set how far they want to go and for guiding them back on time; ski difficulty tracking to let the user know how much time they are spending on different difficulties throughout the day; and dive capability with a 40-metre dive rating and leak-proof buttons. The ‘Garmin share’ feature allows the wearer to easily share saved locations, courses, and workouts with friends, while the Garmin messenger app helps one communicate directly via their smartwatch. Additionally, the brand has also announced a personalised application, designed specifically for coaches and athletes to map their performance.

“The Fenix 8 Series is perfect for individuals looking to elevate their performance or maintain a healthy lifestyle. Whether you are an experienced athlete or someone who enjoys staying active, this new series offers advanced features and extended battery life for outstanding versatility,” says, Tim Spurling, General Manager, Emerging Markets CAMEA, Garmin.

Along with these, the watch is packed with a built-in LED flashlight, and 24/7 health and wellness trackers, which include wrist-based heart rate, advanced sleep monitoring, respiration tracking, pulse, and more. There is music control, a connect IQ store for adding and changing watch faces and data field, endurance score, body’s energy level tracker, and much more. The AMOLED display model runs up to 29 days, while the solar charging variants have a life of up to 48 days. The watches start at Rs. 86,990.

india-s-first-integrated-digital-clinic-sehatup-aims-to-deliver-

Tue Oct 22 17:00:03 IST 2024

Health-tech startup sehatUP has launched India’s first integrated digital health clinic. The platform claims to combine allopathy, ayurveda and homoeopathy to deliver personalized health and wellness solutions, marking a significant step towards making healthcare more comprehensive and accessible.

The startup collaborates with over 50 expert doctors and health coaches to create tailored wellness journeys. The company states that it uses advanced technology to develop treatment plans that seamlessly integrate various medical systems.

In recent years, the 'One Nation, One Health System', as a concept, has gained momentum in India. This is a concept that aims to establish a unified healthcare system that ensures consistent standards and promotes social equity by providing all citizens with access to quality services. It also focuses on improving efficiency by streamlining resources to reduce costs and enhance service delivery, while strengthening disaster preparedness to create a system capable of responding effectively during health emergencies.

However, many experts have noted that India’s geographical diversity and infrastructure gaps present challenges in establishing an integrated healthcare system. Encouraging private players to participate in the national health framework and effectively utilizing digital technology have been suggested as key strategies for addressing these challenges.

According to sehatUP’s leadership, their platform was created in alignment with the 'One Nation, One Health System' initiative. sehatUP’s platform provides personalized healthcare plans and free doctor consultations, initially focusing on sexual wellness and weight management. The platform also offers a range of affordable, clinically-approved medicines and natural supplements.

Speaking about the launch, Karan Bhargava, Founder and CEO of sehatUP, said, “sehatUP is designed to offer a more holistic and inclusive approach to healthcare. By blending modern medicine with traditional practices like Ayurveda and homeopathy, we aim to provide users with a balanced path to well-being that addresses root causes and promotes long-term health.”

despite-ban-purchase-of-apple-iphones-by-govt-officials-quadruples-in-a-year-in-russia

Tue Oct 22 16:24:47 IST 2024

Despite Vladimir Putin’s administration restricting government officials from purchasing Apple’s iPhone, the purchase of the American phone by Russian government officials has increased multifold this year. Within nine months in 2024, the procurement of iPhones by Russian government officials has grown four times.

ALSO READ | Apple iPhone 16 Pro review: Small but meaningful improvements

Within nine months of 2024, the Russian government’s procurement of iPhones has grown four times compared to the corresponding period in 2023, a Russian daily reported. Vedomosti, a Russian daily, reported from January to September in 2024, the total amount of contracts for Apple iPhone by Russian government officials for the first three quarters of 2024 amounted to RUB 6,879,899. According to the Tenderplan trading platform, the sale of first three quarters of 2024 was higher compared to RUB 1,642,166 for the same period in 2023.

In June last year, Russia's Federal Security Service claimed it had uncovered an American espionage operation and sophisticated surveillance software was used to compromise thousands of iPhones. However, Apple denied the allegations. The Kremlin had directed Russian authorities to ditch iPhones and move to phones with the Android operating system, the Russian Aurora system or Chinese software over security concerns.

The Kremlin had also directed authorities involved in the 2024 Presidential polls to stop using iPhones because of security concerns. The government also banned authorities from using iPhones and iPads for work emails and applications.

According to reports, the latest iPhone 16 is on high demand in Russia despite Apple halting exports to over Ukraine conflict. Unfazed by higher prices and using so-called grey or parallel imports that Russia legalised to enable the import of goods without the brand owners' permission, Russians have been keen to get their hands on Apple's devices, Reuters reported.

why-spadex-is-crucial-to-indias-growing-space-ambitions

Sat Oct 19 15:45:24 IST 2024

SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) is one of ISRO's most significant steps towards developing autonomous docking technology, crucial for India’s growing space ambitions. Docking systems allow two spacecraft to connect in orbit, enabling critical operations like assembling space stations, refueling, or transferring astronauts and cargo. SPADEX is key to achieving India's long-term space exploration goals, including manned spaceflight, satellite maintenance, and future space station construction.

The mission involves two vehicles—‘Chaser’ and the ‘Target’—coming together and connecting in space. It will also test how well the combined spacecraft maintains stability and control after docking, ensuring smooth operations for future missions.

Once docked, the two spacecraft will later separate to perform additional tasks. This experiment is crucial for ISRO to develop the skills needed for advanced missions, such as human spaceflight and lunar sample returns. Mastering these docking and rendezvous techniques is essential for the success of such ambitious operations.

Hyderabad-headquartered Ananth Technologies, an aerospace and defence company, successfully completed the satellite integration project for ISRO. This also marks a private player joining the SPADEX Mission. Ananth Technologies Private Limited (ATL) successfully assembled two 400 kg satellites for ISRO and delivered them to the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) in Bengaluru. This centre is responsible for designing and developing satellites for various space missions. "We have been manufacturing electronic subsystems for ISRO since 2000 and have been an integral part of every Indian space programme over the last two decades," Subba Rao Pavuluri, chairman of ATL, said.

ALSO READ: Why ISRO's involvement in ESA's PROBA-3 mission is a milestone

ISRO usually builds its satellites at the URSC. However, for the first time, the complete assembly, integration and testing of satellites have been handled by an Indian private company at a private facility. This change is possible thanks to the recent space sector reforms, which provide more opportunities for private companies to participate in India’s space missions. Since the satellites have arrived at the URSC, they will soon be transported by truck to the Indian Spaceport in Sriharikota. There, they will undergo further testing, be fuelled, and be prepared for launch in the coming months.

“Docking plays a vital role in managing space stations and undertaking complex space projects. Astronauts travelling to a space station depend on precise docking to connect their spacecraft safely, allowing them to transfer smoothly between vehicles. This process ensures a secure journey and helps complete missions successfully, whether the astronauts remain in space or return to Earth,” remarked space expert Girish Linganna.

He said when two satellites approach each other at speeds of around 8 kilometres per second, they must coordinate carefully to avoid a collision. Using cameras or lasers, the lead satellite slows down to allow the trailing one to catch up smoothly. Once aligned, the two satellites connect to form a larger system. These precise connections enable more complex operations and allow multiple components to function together, expanding what can be achieved in space beyond the limits of a single satellite.

“In addition to supporting human spaceflight, docking is critical for constructing larger space structures. By connecting different spacecraft and modules, docking makes it possible to build advanced facilities in orbit and expand space exploration. Without these techniques, large-scale space projects would not be feasible,” added Linganna.

ISRO has acquired two satellites, each weighing 400 kg, for a SPADEX mission. In this mission, a single rocket will launch both satellites into space, placing them in slightly different orbits. This setup is essential to test how well the satellites can approach, align and dock with each other in orbit, demonstrating key technologies for future missions.

The two satellites, travelling at about 28,000 km/h (or around 8 km per second), will carefully align with each other to perform a ‘space handshake’, where they will connect and attach mechanically, becoming a single unit in orbit. This experiment is important because mastering docking is essential for future missions, such as Chandrayaan-4 and India’s proposed Bharatiya Antariksha Space Station.

The history of docking systems dates back to the Cold War when the Soviet Union achieved the first successful docking in space. On October 30, 1967, the Soviets completed the historic docking of Kosmos 186 and *Kosmos 188—the first fully automated docking between two unmanned spacecraft. This paved the way for later space exploration efforts, including long-term stays aboard space stations. The United States followed this with the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975, which was the first international docking between NASA and the Soviet space agency, marking a new era of cooperation despite ongoing geopolitical tensions.

Docking technology has evolved considerably since then. Early systems required significant manual input from astronauts, but advances in automation have changed this dramatically. Russia’s Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, which service the ISS, have highly reliable automated docking systems. NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, which relies on spacecraft like SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, also uses automated systems, often with the International Docking System Standard (IDSS) for compatibility across different space missions. China, too, has developed its Tianzhou cargo spacecraft, which docks autonomously with the Tiangong space station, showcasing its growing sophistication in space operations.

“India’s SPADEX experiment is unique because it focuses on developing indigenous, scalable, and cost-effective docking technology. This experiment involves two spacecraft docking autonomously in orbit, demonstrating precision, navigation, and control capabilities critical for future missions. SPADEX is designed to serve a wide range of spacecraft sizes and mission objectives, including potential collaborations for building space stations or deep space exploration,” remarked Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

India is advancing in space exploration at an accelerated pace. ISRO's recent successes, such as the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which made a soft landing on the Moon’s south pole, and the launch of Aditya-L1 to study the Sun, demonstrate the agency's capabilities. “SPADEX aligns with these achievements, reinforcing ISRO’s long-term vision for space exploration, especially as the Gaganyaan mission approaches. Gaganyaan, India’s first manned mission scheduled for 2025, will require docking technology to ensure safe crew transfer and module operations. SPADEX is integral to this, as autonomous docking will be essential for future crewed missions, satellite servicing, and space station operations,” said Kesan.

watch-spacex-successfully-catches-starship-rocket-booster-at-landing-pad

Sun Oct 13 19:55:11 IST 2024

SpaceX launched its enormous Starship rocket on Sunday on its boldest test flight yet, catching the returning booster back at the pad with mechanical arms.

Towering almost 400 feet (121 metres), the empty Starship blasted off at sunrise from the southern tip of Texas near the Mexican border. It arced over the Gulf of Mexico like the four Starships before it that ended up being destroyed, either soon after liftoff or while ditching into the sea. The last one in June was the most successful yet, completing its flight without exploding.

This time, SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk upped the challenge and risk. The company brought the first-stage booster back to land at the pad from which it had soared seven minutes earlier. The launch tower sported monstrous metal arms, dubbed chopsticks, that caught the descending 232-foot (71-metre) booster.

The tower has caught the rocket!! Musk said via X.

Company employees screamed in joy as the booster slowly lowered itself into the launch tower's arms.

Even in this day and age, what we just saw is magic, SpaceX's Dan Huot observed from near the launch site. I am shaking right now."

Folks, this is a day for the engineering history books, added SpaceX's Kate Tice from SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California.

It was up to the flight director to decide, in real time with a manual control, whether to attempt the landing. SpaceX said both the booster and launch tower had to be in good, stable condition. Otherwise, it was going to end up in the gulf like the previous ones. Everything was judged to be ready for the catch.

The retro-looking stainless steel spacecraft on top continued around the world once free of the booster, targeting a controlled splashdown in the Indian Ocean, where it would sink to the bottom. The entire flight was expected to last just over an hour.

The June flight came up short at the end after pieces came off. SpaceX upgraded the software and reworked the heat shield, improving the thermal tiles.

SpaceX has been recovering the first-stage boosters of its smaller Falcon 9 rockets for nine years, after delivering satellites and crews to orbit from Florida or California. But they land on floating ocean platforms or on concrete slabs several miles from their launch pads not on them.

Recycling Falcon boosters has sped up the launch rate and saved SpaceX millions. Musk intends to do the same for Starship, the biggest and most powerful rocket ever built with 33 methane-fuel engines on the booster alone. NASA has ordered two Starships to land astronauts on the moon later this decade. SpaceX intends to use Starship to send people and supplies to the moon and, eventually Mars.

nobel-prize-in-chemistry-awarded-to-david-baker-demis-hassabis-john-jumper

Wed Oct 09 17:10:12 IST 2024

The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded Wednesday to David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their breakthrough work predicting and designing the structure of proteins, the building blocks of life.

Heiner Linke, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, said the award honoured research that made connections between amino acid sequence and protein structure.

That was actually called a grand challenge in chemistry, and in particular in biochemistry, for decades. So, it's that breakthrough that gets awarded today, he said.

Baker works at the University of Washington in Seattle, while Hassabis and Jumper both work at Google Deepmind in London.

Baker designed a new protein in 2003 and his research group has since produced one imaginative protein creation after another, including proteins that can be used as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, nanomaterials and tiny sensors, the Nobel committee said.

“The number of designs that they have, produced and published, and ... the variety is absolutely mind blowing. It seems that you can almost construct any type of protein with this technology,” said Professor Johan qvist of the Nobel committee.

Hassabis and Jumper created an artificial intelligence model that has been able to predict the structure of virtually all the 200 million proteins that researchers have identified, the committee added.

Linke said scientists had long dreamt of predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins.

Four years ago in 2020, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper managed to crack the code. With skillful use of artificial intelligence, they made it possible to predict the complex structure of essentially any known protein in nature, Linke said.

Another dream of scientists has been to build new proteins to learn how to use nature's multi-tool for our own purposes. This is the problem that David Baker solved," he added. "He developed computational tools that now enable scientists to design spectacular new proteins with entirely novel shapes and functions, opening endless possibilities for the greatest benefit to humankind.

Last year, the chemistry award went to three scientists for their work on quantum dots tiny particles just a few nanometres in diameter that can release very bright coloured light and whose applications in everyday life include electronics and medical imaging.

Six days of Nobel announcements opened Monday with Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun winning the medicine prize. Two founding fathers of machine learning John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton won the physics prize.

The awards continue with the literature prize on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday and the economics award on October 14.

The prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor (USD 1 million) from a bequest left by the award's creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. The laureates are invited to receive their awards at ceremonies on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

why-isros-involvement-in-esas-proba-3-mission-is-a-milestone

Wed Oct 16 17:28:42 IST 2024

PROBA-3 (Project for On-Board Autonomy-3) is an innovative initiative spearheaded by the European Space Agency (ESA) aimed at revolutionising space observation through advanced formation flying technology. Scheduled for launch in November 2024, this mission exemplifies a significant international collaboration, bringing together expertise and cutting-edge technologies from multiple European countries and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The PROBA-3 mission has passed its final test and is now ready to be sent to India, where it will be launched by the ISRO. PROBA-3 will be transported to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre later this month and the mission will be launched using ISRO’s trusted PSLV-XL rocket.

What is the PROBA-3 mission?

PROBA-3 is the ESA’s first mission dedicated to precision formation flying. “In this mission, two satellites will operate together in a coordinated manner, maintaining a set distance and alignment in space as if they were part of a single, large structure. The goal is to test, and demonstrate, advanced technologies for formation flying and conduct experiments related to spacecraft rendezvous the meeting, or docking, of two spacecraft,” said space expert Girish Linganna.

ALSO READ: Solar exploration: A sunrace of significant global missions

The mission will showcase formation flying as part of a major scientific experiment. The two satellites will work together as a single unit to carry out the experiment, demonstrating how closely coordinated satellite systems can function in space. Both the satellites will combine to create a 144-metre-long solar coronagraph, a special tool designed to study the Sun’s faint outer atmosphere, or the corona. A solar coronagraph works by blocking out the bright light from the Sun’s surface, creating an artificial eclipse.

ALSO READ: NISAR, Mars and Venus missions in 2024: Top ISRO projects slated for the Year of Gaganyaan

“The faint corona is usually hidden by the Sun’s intense brightness, but this setup will allow scientists to observe, and analyse, the corona much closer to the Sun’s surface than ever before, providing new insights into solar activity. The coronagraph helps in studying solar activity, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections which can affect space weather without waiting for an eclipse,” added Linganna.

The core objective of PROBA-3 is to create an artificial eclipse by precisely coordinating two independent satellites. This capability will enable scientists to observe the Sun's corona, a region typically obscured by the intense brightness of the Sun. By blocking out sunlight, the satellites will facilitate unprecedented studies of solar phenomena, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Understanding these phenomena is crucial, as they can have significant effects on space weather, which in turn impacts satellite communications, navigation systems, and power grids on Earth.

“In addition to demonstrating high-precision formation flying, PROBA-3 is set to validate new technologies essential for maintaining the satellites in close proximity. The mission aims to reach Technology Readiness Level 9 (TRL 9), showcasing advancements in metrology systems, control logic, and manoeuvring capabilities. This will allow for precise manoeuvres necessary for the mission's success and for future space exploration endeavours,” explained Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

How is PROBA-3 different from other solar observation projects?

A key aspect that sets PROBA-3 apart from traditional solar observation projects is its innovative approach to utilising smaller, agile satellites equipped with advanced sensors. Many conventional solar missions involve large, complex spacecraft, which can be expensive and challenging to manoeuvre. In contrast, PROBA-3's use of two smaller satellites operating in a highly coordinated formation demonstrates that complex observational tasks can be accomplished efficiently and cost-effectively without the need for oversized equipment. This flexibility paves the way for more versatile missions, allowing space agencies to maximise their scientific output while operating within constrained budgets.

The collaborative nature of the PROBA-3 mission further enhances its significance. It involves contributions from various ESA member states, including France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, alongside ISRO. This international partnership not only facilitates the sharing of technological expertise but also fosters a collaborative spirit in addressing common challenges in space exploration. Such partnerships are increasingly important as space missions become more ambitious and complex, requiring a diverse range of skills and knowledge.

As the launch date approaches, extensive testing and simulations are being conducted to ensure the mission's success. The excitement surrounding PROBA-3 reflects the scientific community's anticipation of potential breakthroughs, particularly in solar physics and its implications for understanding space weather. The data collected during this mission could transform our understanding of solar activity, leading to improved forecasting models for space weather events. This is especially crucial for mitigating risks to both civilian and military satellite operations and for protecting critical infrastructure on Earth from the effects of solar storms.

“By creating an artificial eclipse, this mission promises to enhance our understanding of the Sun's behaviour and its broader impacts on the solar system. This mission not only advances our knowledge of the cosmos but also sets a precedent for future collaborations in space exploration, paving the way for a new generation of scientists and explorers dedicated to unraveling the mysteries of our universe,” said Kesan.

As part of the mission the occulter spacecraft is a satellite designed to block, or ‘occlude’, the Sun’s bright light so that other instruments, such as the coronagraph, can get a clearer view of the Sun’s outer atmosphere (the corona). By positioning itself in front of the Sun, it creates an artificial eclipse, making it easier to study the faint details of the corona without interference from the Sun’s intense brightness.

Both the coronagraph spacecraft (weighing 340-kg) and the occulter spacecraft (weighing 200kg) will operate in a high Earth orbit, taking 19.7 hours to complete one orbit. At its highest point, the orbit will reach 60,530km and, at its closest point, it will be 600km above Earth. The primary instrument on board is an external coronagraph. The mission’s communication will be supported by an antenna located at Santa Maria in the Azores, with a ground station in Redu, Belgium.

nobel-prize-in-physics-john-hopfield-geoffrey-hinton-hounoured-for-contributions-to-machine-learning

Tue Oct 08 16:52:36 IST 2024

John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics Tuesday for discoveries and inventions that formed the building blocks of machine learning.

This year's two Nobel Laureates in physics have used tools from physics to develop methods that are the foundation of today's powerful machine learning, the Nobel committee said in a press release.

Hopfield's research is carried out at Princeton University and Hinton works at the University of Toronto.

Three scientists won last year's physics Nobel for providing the first split-second glimpse into the superfast world of spinning electrons, a field that could one day lead to better electronics or disease diagnoses.

The 2023 award went to French-Swedish physicist Anne L'Huillier, French scientist Pierre Agostini and Hungarian-born Ferenc Krausz for their work with the tiny part of each atom that races around the centre and is fundamental to virtually everything: chemistry, physics, our bodies and our gadgets.

Six days of Nobel announcements opened on Monday with Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun winning the medicine prize for their discovery of tiny bits of genetic material that serve as on and off switches inside cells that help control what the cells do and when they do it.

If scientists can better understand how they work and how to manipulate them, it could one day lead to powerful treatments for diseases like cancer.

The physics prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor (USD 1 million) from a bequest left by the award's creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. It has been awarded 117 times. The laureates are invited to receive their awards at ceremonies on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

Nobel announcements continue with the chemistry physics prize on Wednesday and literature on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the economics award on October 14.

india-japan-moon-project-lupex-cleared-heres-all-you-need-to-know

Mon Oct 07 17:10:37 IST 2024

The National Space Commission recently approved its fifth lunar mission, called the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX). Unlike the Chandrayaan 1 to 4 missions, this upcoming LUPEX mission is a collaboration between India and Japan. However, it remains part of India's broader lunar mission series, which aims to eventually send an Indian astronaut to the Moon and bring them back safely. It's important to note that no astronauts will be sent as part of the LUPEX mission itself. The Union Cabinet had approved the Chandrayaan-4 mission on September 18, and the LUPEX mission is expected to be presented for cabinet approval soon.

Although ISRO and Japan's space agency JAXA signed an agreement in 2017, progress on the Lupex mission was delayed after India's Chandrayaan-2 was unable to successfully demonstrate a soft landing on the lunar surface. The LUPEX project is designed to explore the Moon in search of water and other valuable resources. It also aims to develop skills and knowledge in studying the lunar surface. The LUPEX project is a joint international effort, where Japan's space agency (JAXA) is building the lunar rover, and India's space agency (ISRO) is creating the lander that will transport the rover to the Moon.

Other space agencies will also send scientific instruments for the mission. NASA's Neutron Spectrometer will search for hydrogen up to 1 metre (3.3 feet) below the surface at the Moon's south pole. Meanwhile, the European Space Agency's (ESA) Exospheric Mass Spectrometer will measure gas pressure and identify chemical signatures on the surface.

Interestingly, the global interest in the Moon is growing and that has been highlighted by the Artemis mission, a US-led initiative aimed at sending astronauts back to the Moon. The goal is to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface and carry out ongoing exploration activities.

“Recent studies of different observation data suggest that water might exist in the lunar polar regions. These regions are located near the Moon’s north and south poles. If water is discovered in these areas, it could be used as a source of energy for future human missions on the Moon. This is why many countries are actively pushing forward with lunar exploration efforts,” space expert Girish Linganna said.

JAXA is developing a rover that will move independently to look for spots on the Moon where water may be found. “It will use a drill to dig into the ground and collect soil samples. The plan is to gather data by closely analysing these samples with the observation tools installed on the rover. The rover will carry tools to measure the water content in lunar soil (called regolith), as well as equipment for drilling and collecting samples. It will also feature advanced technologies for its driving system and batteries, which are some of the first of their kind in the world. The project faces a big challenge—getting a rover that weighs several hundred kilogrammes, loaded with all these tools, to the Moon, moving it around, and analysing the samples directly on-site,” added Linganna.

As per JAXA, the rover is still in the basic design stage, and she often encounters challenges when building prototypes and conducting tests. During these tests, they spread sand similar to lunar soil at the test site and run the rover prototype over it. The team constantly adjusts the sand's softness to match the actual Moon's surface and tweaks the unevenness to ensure the rover can move properly. They also carefully study how much the rover’s tracks (which act like its tires) sink into the sand, making small adjustments each time. It's a complex process with no simple solutions.

ISRO has developed advanced technology for operating lunar orbiters, landers, and rovers. However, for the LUPEX project, they will need to create a larger rover than ever before. The goal is to make a significant international impact by combining ISRO's expertise with JAXA's rover technology and tools for measurement and analysis.

As per Inoue Hiroka, a researcher with the Lunar Polar Exploration Project Team at JAXA's Space Exploration Center, one of the key tasks ahead is selecting a specific landing site. The plan is to land in the Moon’s south polar region, which is believed to have a high chance of containing water. However, this area has very few flat spots that are ideal for landing and ensuring good lighting and communication. Since other countries might choose the same area, the team aims to announce their landing site as soon as they identify the best location.

If the mission gathers detailed information about water on the Moon, it could open possibilities not only for living on the Moon but also for using this water to produce fuel. This would allow us to travel to farther planets, pushing the boundaries of human exploration.

isros-venus-orbiter-mission-vom-how-private-players-and-academic-institutions-will-jointly-steer-the-mission

Sat Oct 05 13:52:52 IST 2024

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is preparing for its Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) and the spacecraft is set to launch on March 29, 2028. This mission aims to explore Venus, adding to our understanding of the planet. A recent Cabinet meeting approved an interplanetary mission to Venus. ISRO will use its new heavy-lift rocket, Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM-3), to send the spacecraft, named Shukrayaan-1, on a 112-day journey to the planet. The orbiter is set to arrive at Venus on July 19, 2028, highlighting India’s advancements in space exploration.

The development of the spacecraft and launch vehicle will involve various industries, creating significant job opportunities and potential technological advancements for other sectors. Additionally, the mission will collaborate with academic institutions, offering training for students involved in design, development and testing. Recently during a press briefing S. Somanath, the ISRO Chairman and Secretary of the Department of Space (DoS), had confirmed that each of the approved forthcoming missions would include participation from the private space sector. This marks one of the most significant boosts for India’s emerging space startups from the government to date.

The rocket will place the spacecraft in an Elliptical Parking Orbit (EPO), which ranges from 170 km to 36,000 km above Earth. This orbit has a specific angle and position. From there, the spacecraft will begin its journey to Venus. “The VOM will use advanced tools to explore Venus, focusing on its atmosphere, surface and geological features. The mission aims to detect any volcanic eruptions or quakes. The spacecraft will have cutting-edge instruments, including synthetic aperture radar and infrared and ultraviolet cameras,” explained Space expert Girish Linganna.

ISRO will oversee the development and launch of the spacecraft with a total budget of Rs 1,236 crore (approximaately $150 million). Out of this, Rs 824 crore is allocated for building the spacecraft.

The Shukrayaan-1 will be equipped with a range of scientific tools, such as the Venus S-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (VSAR), Venus Surface Emissivity and Atmospheric Mapper (VSEAM), Venus Thermal Camera (VTC), Venus Cloud Monitoring Camera (VCMC), Lightning Instrument for Venus (LIVE), Venus Atmospheric Spectro-Polarimeter (VASP) and Solar Occultation Photometry (SPAV).

“These instruments will assist scientists in studying Venus’s atmosphere, surface and plasma environment. The VOM is a worldwide collaboration involving such countries as Russia, Sweden, France and Germany. The Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) will be a participant in providing the Venusian Neutrals Analyzer (VNA) to examine how the Sun’s charged particles interact with Venus’s atmosphere. On the other hand the private sector may be involved in materials procurement, supply chain management, rocket engineering, testing facilities, manufacturing units, assembly and integration, and launch operations,” added Linganna.

After travelling through space, Shukrayaan-1 will move into an orbit around Venus, ranging from 500 km to 60,000 km away. This process is called Venus Orbit Injection (VOI). Over six to eight months, a process, called aero-braking, will gradually adjust the orbit to a closer path around Venus, measuring 200 x 600 km. This new orbit will enable detailed studies of Venus’s surface and atmosphere for a planned mission lasting five years.

In an earlier analysis in THE WEEK, it was mentioned that ISRO's VOM is expected to be one of the most challenging ones as the atmosphere of Venus is made mostly of poisonous sulphuric acid. Since Venus orbits the sun within Earth's orbit, the planet appears to have phases like the moon. When Venus is on the opposite side of the sun, it is in full phase, while it appears in a new phase when it is between the Earth and the sun. Despite the poisonous atmosphere, a chemical called phosphine was discovered in Venus's clouds recently. Incidentally, on Earth, phosphene is found to be produced by microbes. The study seemed to suggest that despite its extreme conditions, Venus might, after all, host life. Needless to say, the theory was disputed and alternate explanations were posited.

Linganna says landing on Venus' surface can be an extremely challenging affair as a lander (or rover) must fall through approximately 35km (1,00,000ft) of the thick, murky lower atmosphere before the final couple of kilometres where the ground finally becomes visible from above. “During descent, the temperature starts at a comfortable 20 degrees Celsius and shoots up to 450 degrees Celsius just before reaching the surface. (A standard kitchen oven runs at about 200 degrees Celsius.) Near the surface, the air is so thick that the lander will settle to the ground much like a stone settles in water—no retrorockets or sky cranes are required,” remarked Linganna.

google-doubles-down-on-ai-that-talks-in-an-indian-tongue

Thu Oct 03 21:41:23 IST 2024

GenAI is plain vanilla, if you ask the folks at Google India. As the tech behemoth rolled out its ambitious ‘Google for India’ repertoire for their biggest and fastest growing market, there was one familar focus area where further announcements predictably came – Google’s onboarding of Indian languages as a digital tool. And, of course, artificial intelligence (AI) and lots of it.

Well in verse with the parent company’s efforts to take the pole position in AI advancements and grab the thunder back from that petulant upstart called OpenAI is evidently a dream up there on Mountain View (where Google’s global HQ is), and the trickle down effect was well evident in many of the announcements in India on Thursday – Google’s Gemini AI can now go ‘Live’, with real time conversation by adapting to the user. The ‘Gemini Live’ feature is available in 8 Indian languages, besides English.

Google’s next-generation AI project called Astra is at the core of it, and while it is awaited, the slow rollout of its features, the company hopes, will be transformational. For now, there is already AI Overviews expected in Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi in the coming days, while ‘ask with video’ feature in Search also debuted, starting with English.

With image-based search on Maps, Gemini summarising Google reviews to save time, real-time weather and traffic updates on Maps, Google’s attempt is to make AI work for daily chores, beside the focus on Indian languages to take its tech evangelism to the hinterland.

Another path-breaking endeavour has been in the field of healthcare. Not only is the company tying up with the government’s Ayushman Bharat project to roll out the issuance of the ABHA health ID through Google wallets soon, its iCALL feature whereby a user can call and speak to a health professional live has been expanded to more vernacular languages. And perhaps incredibly, its AI tools are now evolved enough to detect eye issues, TB and even cancer. For instance, TB could apparently be detected through just an audio sample analysis of a person’s sound!

Google also announced a spate of partnerships, right from Adani and CleanMax (for clean energy projects) to Muthoot (for online loan-against-gold) to Glance (skilling).

india-new-multi-faceted-space-mission-what-are-these-and-their-challenges

Sat Sep 21 15:03:25 IST 2024

The Indian Cabinet recently approved four important space missions, marking a major step forward in India's space exploration journey. These missions aim to boost India's position in space research and technology, highlighting the country's dedication to advancing its space capabilities and playing a key role in global space exploration efforts. The approved missions include Chandrayaan-4, the Venus Orbiter Mission, the creation of the Bharatiya Antariksha Station, and the Gaganyaan follow-up programme. Each mission comes with its own set of challenges and opportunities, and their success will depend on advanced technology, skilled expertise, and considerable financial support.

Foremost among them is the Chandrayaan-4 which is India’s next leap towards lunar exploration. Chandrayaan-4 is set to be a ground-breaking mission for India, focusing on collecting samples from the Moon and returning them to Earth. This mission, with an impressive budget of Rs 2,104.06 crore, builds upon the success of Chandrayaan-3, which proved India’s capability to land on the Moon. Now, Chandrayaan-4 aims to deepen our understanding of the Moon’s composition and geological history.

The primary objective of Chandrayaan-4 is to gather and analyse soil and rock samples from the lunar surface. These samples will provide valuable insights into the Moon's structure and evolution, offering scientists a better understanding of its formation and the processes that have shaped it over billions of years.

“The mission is not without its challenges. A precise lunar landing is essential to ensure the spacecraft touches down safely in the targeted region. Additionally, efficient sample collection and the safe return of these samples to Earth are critical. These operations will demand high levels of precision and advanced technology to be successfully executed. To achieve its goals, Chandrayaan-4 will utilise advanced robotics and autonomous systems, which will allow the spacecraft to navigate the lunar surface and collect samples efficiently. A sophisticated heat shield will also be crucial to protect the spacecraft from the intense heat generated during re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere,” explained space expert Girish Linganna.

Chandrayaan-4 is more than just a sample return mission; it is a key stepping stone for India’s ambitious goal of landing astronauts on the Moon by 2040. Scheduled to launch in 2027, the mission will serve as a critical testing ground for technologies essential to crewed lunar missions. The mission will involve five modules launched in two separate phases, demonstrating ISRO’s innovative approach to handling complex space operations. These modules will work in tandem to collect lunar samples and return them to Earth—a feat previously achieved by only a few countries, including the United States and China.

“Chandrayaan-4 will test important capabilities, such as docking and undocking in lunar orbit, precision landings, and ensuring safe re-entry through Earth’s atmosphere. These technologies are vital for future crewed missions and will lay the groundwork for India’s eventual human moon landings,” remarked Linganna.

ISRO Chairman S. Somanath highlighted the mission’s importance, stating, "Chandrayaan-4 is not just about bringing back Moon rocks; it's about demonstrating our capability to send humans to the Moon and safely return them. This mission represents a significant leap forward in India’s space ambitions, bringing the nation closer to achieving its goal of a human presence on the Moon.

Similarly the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) is set to launch in March 2028, with a budget of Rs 1,236 crore, recently approved by the Union Cabinet. This will be India’s second interplanetary mission, following the successful Mars Orbiter Mission, which was launched in 2013 and entered Mars' orbit in 2014. The VOM aims to study Venus in detail, focusing on its surface features, clouds, lightning, volcanic activity, atmosphere, and how the Sun interacts with the planet. Scientists are particularly interested in understanding why Venus, once thought to be similar to Earth and possibly habitable, underwent such a drastic transformation.

This mission is expected to provide valuable answers to long-standing questions about Venus, shedding light on its evolution and contributing to important scientific discoveries. Out of the total budget of Rs 1,236 crore for the Venus Orbiter Mission, around Rs 824 crore will be allocated to the development of the spacecraft. ISRO will be in charge of designing and launching the spacecraft, ensuring the project is managed efficiently through their well-established procedures.

Various industries will be involved in building the spacecraft and launch vehicle, which is expected to create significant employment opportunities and have positive effects on other sectors through technological advancements.

The data collected from the mission will be shared with the scientific community using existing systems. Additionally, this mission will prepare India for future planetary missions that can carry larger scientific instruments.

“The Venus mission is highly intriguing but is expected to be one of the most difficult tasks ISRO has ever taken on. Venus is an extremely hostile planet, with its atmosphere mostly made up of carbon dioxide, resulting in scorching surface temperatures. Due to a strong greenhouse effect, temperatures can soar up to 870°F (470°C)—hot enough to melt lead. The planet’s surface is dotted with numerous volcanoes, many of which are dormant, though some could still be active. Adding to the challenge, Venus has an extremely high surface air pressure, about 90 times greater than what we experience at sea level on Earth,” pointed out Linganna.

Another major space mission is making significant strides in space exploration with its ambitious plan to build the Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS-1), the country’s first space station module. The Indian government has officially approved the construction of this module, which has been integrated into the expanded Gaganyaan mission. This crucial decision sets India on a path to operate its own space station by 2035 and also opens the door for a manned Moon mission by 2040.

The Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS) aims to create India's very own space station, which will orbit 400 km above the Earth's surface. Weighing 52 tonnes, this massive structure will act as a research hub where Indian astronauts and scientists can carry out experiments in areas like microgravity, astronomy, and Earth observation. The station will also allow astronauts to stay in orbit for periods of 15 to 20 days.

The Gaganyaan mission, originally designed for human spaceflight, has now been expanded to include eight missions, all to be completed by December 2028. This expansion covers not only additional uncrewed missions but also the launch of the BAS-1 unit, alongside the necessary hardware to support long-term human spaceflight activities.

With the updated scope, the overall budget for the Gaganyaan programme has risen to Rs 20,193 crore, with an additional Rs 11,170 crore allocated specifically for the expanded scope. This substantial financial investment underscores India’s growing ambition to become a major player in space exploration.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will spearhead the project, working in collaboration with industry partners, educational institutions, and various government agencies. The focus of the programme is to develop and demonstrate key technologies needed for extended human space missions. Four missions are planned under the current Gaganyaan schedule by 2026, followed by the construction of the BAS-1 module. Another four missions dedicated to technology demonstration and validation will be completed by 2028.

The Bharatiya Antariksha Station will play a pivotal role in advancing scientific research in microgravity, leading to breakthroughs that could benefit various sectors on Earth. The mission is also expected to create numerous job opportunities in high-tech fields related to space and technology.

Moreover, this initiative is poised to inspire a new generation of young Indians to pursue careers in science and technology. The innovations developed during this mission will have far-reaching societal benefits, further establishing India as a leader in space exploration and scientific discovery.

The fourth mission approved by the Union Cabinet focuses on the development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV). This new launch vehicle will be designed to carry heavier payloads, be cost-effective, and reusable, with the potential to be commercially successful. According to the government, the NGLV will have three times the payload capacity of the current LVM-3, while only costing 1.5 times more. Its reusability will help lower the cost of accessing space, and it will feature modular green propulsion systems. A total of Rs 8,240 crore has been approved for the NGLV, covering development costs, three test flights, the setup of necessary facilities, programme management, and the launch campaign.

According to the government, the NGLV will strengthen India’s ability to carry out a variety of space missions, such as human spaceflight, lunar exploration, and satellite launches. This will greatly enhance the country’s space programme and overall space ecosystem.

sunita-williams-turns-59-find-out-how-the-astronaut-celebrated-her-birthday-in-space

Fri Sep 20 19:40:50 IST 2024

NASA astronaut Sunita Williams just turned 59 in space on Thursday. She celebrated her milestone birthday aboard the International Space Station (ISS), which is around 400 kilometres above Earth, for the second time.

Earlier her birthday celebration took place during a 2012 mission.

Since June 6, Sunita Williams along with NASA astronaut Barry ‘Butch’ Wilmore has been aboard the ISS as part of the Boeing Crew Flight Test mission. Due to technical issues with the Boeing Starliner spacecraft, their stay has been unexpectedly extended.

They are expected to return in February 2025.

On her special day, Williams took up the task of maintaining the space laboratory.

Reportedly, Williams celebrated her birthday by replacing filters in the waste and hygiene compartment. She also performed the essential task with the help of NASA astronaut Don Pettit to ensure safe and healthy living conditions on the ISS.

Williams participated in a conference with Mission Control in Houston, Texas. Williams also engaged in discussions with flight directors in Houston, collaborating with astronauts Wilmore and Frank Rubio to outline mission objectives and upcoming tasks.

Sunita Williams also received birthday wishes from Bollywood stars along with loved ones and family.

Saregama Official shared a heartwarming video on Instagram that featured a compilation video of famous Indian stars singing Happy Birthday in Hindi to the astronaut.

The video began with filmmaker Karan Johar sending birthday wishes to Williams, followed by singers, Hariharan, Sonu Nigam, Neeti Mohan and Shaan Mukherji.

In 1998, after joining NASA’s astronaut program, Williams launched into space for the first time on December 9, 2006, during the STS-116 mission.

As a flight engineer for Expeditions 14 and 15, Williams set multiple records, including over 29 hours of spacewalks and more than 195 days in orbit.

By piloting Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner’s first crewed test flight, Williams made history by successfully docking with the ISS despite facing technical challenges.

i-am-learning-a-lot-about-space-australian-cricketer-steve-waugh-at-bengaluru-space-expo

Wed Sep 18 18:54:41 IST 2024

Former Australian cricketer Steve Waugh says that he is learning a lot about space technology and is very excited about it. He was a surprise at the Bengaluru Space Expo (BSX) 2024 that began today. “I am surprised myself to be at the space expo. Space is exciting and new for me and I am learning a lot about space as I go along. I am very happy to be involved in this joint venture between Austraila and India. I have been coming to India for the last forty years with charity, with cricket, with business and this is another opportunity to collaborate with India. I am excited to be involved in it and Australia and India can do great things together in space technology,” said Waugh who is also the brand ambassador of Space Machines Company an Australian India in space servicing firm.

The Space Machines Company has forged strategic partnerships with two Indian companies Ananth Technologies and Digantara. These partnerships are expected to play a significant role in the upcoming Space MAITRI (Mission for Australia-India'Technology, Research and Innovation) mission and the launch of Space Machines Company's second Optimus satellite. Scheduled for 2026, the satellite will be deployed abroad NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).

It will be the largest Australian-made spacecraft in orbit. The Space Machines Company’s second Optimus spacecraft, a 450 kg Orbital Servicing Vehicle will be launched on NSIL's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle and is part of the first dedicated launch agreement between Australia and India.

The mission will focus on debris management and sustainability and will significantly advance Australia’s domestic space industry, by combining Australian spacecraft capabilities with India's launch expertise.

“We will work closely with Ananth Technologies and Digantara throughout the space MAITRI project lifecycle, leveraging each company's advanced engineering, logisitc, and situation space awareness capabilities to fulfil the joint Australian-Indian mission of building a more sustainable space future,” said Rajat Kulshrestha, CEO and Co-founder of Space Machines Company.

Under the partnership, Ananth Technologies will provide Assembly Integration and Testing (AIT) and comprehensive engineering and logistics support throughout the Space MAITRI program. This will include the safe transportation and handling of all spacecraft components in India, extensive testing and launch site spacecraft fueling. This collaboration with Ananth Technologies between the two companies will ensure that Space Machines Company's second Optimus spacecraft is successfully integrated into the SSLV and ready for launch.

On the other hand, the collaboration with Digantara will enable the Optimus spacecraft to track and engage short range resident space objects a vital capability when executing close approach maneuvers during in orbit operations.

Interestingly the Australian government has invested $ 8.5 million in the Space MAITRI mission in April 2024 through the Australian Space Agency's $18 million International Space Investment India Projects program. “This mission and the collaborations that underpin it emphasise the role that space can play in enhancing cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region for mutual benefit. This mission leverages our nation's respective capabilities and advantages to make space activities more sustainable-something the global space community is focussed on to protect and maintain the assets in orbit that are central to a functioning modern society,” remarked Enrico Palermo, head of the Australian Space Agency.

Space Machines Company is an Australian company that delivers on orbit servicing and protection of critical space infrastructure through its Orbital Servicing Network. This company supports mobility, inspection, deorbiting, repair, life extension and protection capbaility to satellite customers when and where they need it.

polaris-dawn-mission-spacex-crew-returns-to-earth-after-first-private-spacewalk

Sun Sep 15 19:36:23 IST 2024

After successfully completing SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission, tech billionaire Jared Isaacman and the rest of the crew returned to Earth on Sunday.

SpaceX's capsule splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico near Florida's Dry Tortugas in the predawn darkness, carrying Isaacman, two SpaceX engineers and a former Air Force Thunderbird pilot.

This was the first privately funded spacewalk mission. The mission was launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

ALSO READ | Watch | Polaris Dawn mission: Tech billionaire Jared Isaacman becomes first civilian to walk in space

Isaacman and SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis pulled off a spacewalk while orbiting nearly 460 miles (740 kilometres) above Earth, higher than the International Space Station and Hubble Space Telescope. The spacecraft hit a peak altitude of 875 miles (1,408 kilometres) following Tuesday's liftoff.

Isaacman became the 264th person to perform a spacewalk since the former Soviet Union scored the first in 1965, and Gillis the 265th.

Until now, all spacewalks were done by professional astronauts through government-funded missions.

ALSO READ | Polaris Dawn mission: Blast off! SpaceX launches all-civilian crew for first privately-funded spacewalk

During Thursday's commercial spacewalk, the Dragon capsule's hatch was open barely a half-hour. Isaacman emerged only up to his waist to briefly test SpaceX's brand-new spacesuit followed by Gillis, who was knee-high as she flexed her arms and legs for several minutes.

“From here Earth sure looks like a perfect world,” said Isaacman after the spacewalk.

This was Isaacman's second chartered flight with SpaceX, with two more still remaining under the Polaris Dawn Mission.

So far about 263 people have conducted a spacewalk representing 12 countries.

watch-polaris-dawn-mission-tech-billionaire-jared-isaacman-becomes-first-civilian-to-walk-in-space

Thu Sep 12 20:12:33 IST 2024

Tech billionaire Jared Isaacman became the first civilian to conduct the spacewalk on Thursday. Teaming up with SpaceX, the five-day Polaris Dawn mission was launched into space with a four-member crew on Tuesday from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Joining the small elite group of spacewalkers, Isaacman and his crew waited until the capsule was depressurised before opening the hatch.

ALSO READ | Polaris Dawn mission: Blast off! SpaceX launches all-civilian crew for first privately-funded spacewalk

All the crew onboard wore SpaceX's new spacewalking suits, as the entire capsule was exposed to the vacuum of space. The suits offered protection to all the crew members from the harsh vacuum.

"From here Earth sure looks like a perfect world," said Isaacman after the spacewalk.

The orbit was reduced by half to 458 miles (737 kilometres) for the spacewalk.

ALSO READ | Human health in space: Charting the unknown on Polaris Dawn mission

Testing the spacewalking suit was one of the important tasks for the team. The spacewalking was expected to last for about two hours. Rather than the exact walking, it mostly involved stretching and movement of limbs.

Isaacman had his hand or foot always attached to the capsule as he flexed his arms and legs. The hatch sported a walker-like structure for extra support. These are considered EVA- extravehicular activities, any activity done by an astronaut in outer space outside a spacecraft.

According to experts, due to the microgravity situation nobody really ‘walks’ on the space. Any activity outside the spacecraft can be considered as spacewalking as there is movement outside the capsule in space, experts pointed out.

After about 15 minutes outside, Isaacman was to be replaced by the SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis to go through the same motions.

So far about 263 people have conducted a spacewalk representing 12 countries.

polaris-dawn-mission-blast-off-spacex-launches-all-civilian-crew-for-first-privately-funded-spacewalk

Tue Sep 10 17:32:37 IST 2024

Four astronauts have been launched into space, before carrying out the first privately-funded spacewalk, from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Tuesday. It marks the start of the SpaceX's five-day Polaris Dawn mission.

Due to "unfavourable weather" the blast-off was delayed for almost two hours.

ALSO READ | Human health in space: Charting the unknown on Polaris Dawn mission

The four crew onboard include billionaire Jared Isaacman, retired Air Force Thunderbirds pilot Lt Colonel Scott Poteet, and two SpaceX engineers--Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon.

This is the first privately funded spacewalk. Earlier, only government-funded astronauts have carried out spacewalks.

The spacewalk is scheduled for late Wednesday or Thursday, midway through the five-day flight. Follow the mission here: https://www.spacex.com/follow-dragon

The plan is to spend 10 hours at that height filled with extreme radiation and riddled with debris before reducing the oval-shaped orbit by half.

Isaacman and Gillis will take turns briefly popping out of the hatch and also test their white-black-trimmed custom suits and see how they’ll hold up in the harsh vacuum.

Both will always have a hand or foot touching the capsule or attached support structure that resembles the top of a pool ladder. There will be no jetpack showboating and no dangling at the end of their 12-foot (3.6-metre) tethers. Only NASA's suits at the space station come equipped with jetpacks, for emergency use only.

Pilot Scott Kidd Poteet and SpaceX's Anna Menon will monitor the spacewalk from inside. Like SpaceX's previous astronaut flights, this one will end with a splashdown off the Florida coast.

SpaceX teamed up with Isaacman to pay for spacesuit development and associated costs.

William Gerstenmaier, SpaceX vice president said that we are starting to push the frontiers with the private sector.

As SpaceX astronaut trainers, Gillis and Menon helped Isaacman and his previous team and NASA's professional crews prepare for their rides.

boeings-troubled-capsule-returns-to-earth-empty-2-astronauts-left-behind-in-space

Sat Sep 07 22:50:31 IST 2024

Boeing's first astronaut mission ended Friday night with an empty capsule landing and two test pilots still in space, left behind until next year because NASA judged their return too risky.

Six hours after departing the International Space Station, Starliner parachuted into New Mexico's White Sands Missile Range, descending on autopilot through the desert darkness.

It was an uneventful close to a drama that began with the June launch of Boeing's long-delayed crew debut and quickly escalated into a dragged-out cliffhanger of a mission stricken by thruster failures and helium leaks. For months, Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams' return was in question as engineers struggled to understand the capsule's problems.

Boeing insisted after extensive testing that Starliner was safe to bring the two home, but NASA disagreed and booked a flight with SpaceX instead. Their SpaceX ride won't launch until the end of this month, which means they'll be up there until February more than eight months after blasting off on what should have been a quick trip.

Wilmore and Williams should have flown Starliner back to Earth by mid-June, a week after launching in it. But their ride to the space station was marred by the cascade of thruster trouble and helium loss, and NASA ultimately decided it was too risky to return them on Starliner.

So with fresh software updates, the fully automated capsule left with their empty seats and blue spacesuits along with some old station equipment.

She's on her way home, Williams radioed as the white and blue-trimmed capsule undocked from the space station 260 miles (420 kilometers) over China and disappeared into the black void.

Williams stayed up late to see how everything turned out. A good landing, pretty awesome, said Boeing's Mission Control.

Cameras on the space station and a pair of NASA planes caught the capsule as a white streak coming in for the touchdown, which drew cheer.

There were some snags during reentry, including more thruster issues, but Starliner made a bull's-eye landing, said NASA's commercial crew program manager Steve Stich.

Even with the safe return, I think we made the right decision not to have Butch and Suni on board, Stich said at a news conference early Saturday. All of us feel happy about the successful landing. But then there's a piece of us, all of us, that we wish it would have been the way we had planned it.

Boeing did not participate in the Houston news briefing. But two of the company's top space and defense officials, Ted Colbert and Kay Sears, told employees in a note that they backed NASA's ruling.

"While this may not have been how we originally envisioned the test flight concluding, we support NASA's decision for Starliner and are proud of how our team and spacecraft performed," the executives wrote.

Starliner's crew demo capped a journey filled with delays and setbacks. After the space shuttles retired more than a decade ago, NASA hired Boeing and SpaceX for orbital taxi service. Boeing ran into so many problems on its first test flight with no one aboard in 2019 that it had to repeat it. The 2022 do-over uncovered even more flaws and the repair bill topped $1 billion.

SpaceX's crew ferry flight later this month will be its 10th for NASA since 2020. The Dragon capsule will launch on the half-year expedition with only two astronauts since two seats are reserved for Wilmore and Williams for the return leg.

As veteran astronauts and retired Navy captains, Wilmore and Williams anticipated hurdles on the test flight. They've kept busy in space, helping with repairs and experiments. The two are now full-time station crew members along with the seven others on board.

Even before the pair launched on June 5 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, Starliner's propulsion system was leaking helium. The leak was small and thought to be isolated, but four more cropped up after liftoff. Then five thrusters failed. Although four of the thrusters were recovered, it gave NASA pause as to whether more malfunctions might hamper the capsule's descent from orbit.

Boeing conducted numerous thruster tests in space and on the ground over the summer, and was convinced its spacecraft could safely bring the astronauts back. But NASA could not get comfortable with the thruster situation and went with SpaceX.

Flight controllers conducted more test firings of the capsule's thrusters following undocking; one failed to ignite. Engineers suspect the more the thrusters are fired, the hotter they become, causing protective seals to swell and obstruct the flow of propellant. They won't be able to examine any of the parts; the section holding the thrusters was ditched just before reentry.

Starliner will be transported in a couple weeks back to NASA's Kennedy Space Center, where the analyses will unfold.

NASA officials stressed that the space agency remains committed to having two competing U.S. companies transporting astronauts. The goal is for SpaceX and Boeing to take turns launching crews one a year per company until the space station is abandoned in 2030 right before its fiery reentry. That doesn't give Boeing much time to catch up, but the company intends to push forward with Starliner, according to NASA.

Stich said post-landing it's too early to know when the next Starliner flight with astronauts might occur.

It will take a little time to determine the path forward," he said.

human-health-in-space-charting-the-unknown-on-polaris-dawn-mission

Sat Aug 31 14:36:26 IST 2024

‘Sometimes the hardest journeys require the most patience’, posted Jared Isaacman on X as he and his crewmates await to embark on the ‘Polaris Dawn’ mission. This is a historical mission, with Polaris Dawn completing the first-ever private spacewalk and travelling farthest to the earth since Apollo. Over half a century has passed since humans have flown this far from Earth. Isaacman will fly as Polaris Dawn's mission commander, and will be joined by the mission's pilot, retired United States Air Force (USAF) Lieutenant Colonel Scott "Kidd" Poteet, and the first two SpaceX employees to launch to orbit, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon, who both work as Lead Space Operations Engineers. Gillis and Menon will serve as mission specialists.

The team at TrialX is eagerly awaiting the launch of the mission they are integral to. In the last few months, they have been working to develop the EXPAND app, in partnership with the Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) at the Baylor College of Medicine for the Polaris Dawn crew.

As part of the mission, the four-member crew will conduct a wide range of experiments to collect data on various aspects of human health in space. These studies will examine environmental factors, health and hygiene, personality development, vital signs, cognitive function, vision, motion sickness, decompression sickness, Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS), space radiation, and more.

All health data will be collected using integrated wearables and devices, along with nearly 30 surveys embedded in the EXPAND App. This comprehensive approach is designed to provide valuable insights into how the unique conditions of space affect human health at both physiological and molecular levels.

Additionally, the crew will collect biological samples to contribute to a biobank, aimed at uncovering the molecular changes that occur during spaceflight. A paper detailing the creation and purpose of this biobank, with the most extensive collection of data ever assembled for aerospace medicine and space biology. has been published in Nature, underscoring its significance for future research.

TrialX’s remote data collection platform is the backbone of the EXPAND App, providing a robust and secure system for data collection, management and analysis. The platform integrates seamlessly with various health monitoring devices and sensors, ensuring real-time data capture, implementing top-tier security protocols and is designed to handle large volumes of data, including genomic data.

TrialX was chosen by TRISH in 2021 to build the innovative centralised data repository and analytics platform for the first all-civilian Inspiration4 mission. The database was built as part of TRISH’s EXPAND (Enhancing eXploration and Analog Definition) programme, a multi-year initiative developed to help the NASA Human Research Program to reduce the risk to human health in space. The database supports a variety of data types across a multitude of individual research studies and currently houses data from subjects across six space missions – Inspiration 4, MS-20, Axiom-1, Axiom-2, Axiom-3 and Polaris Dawn. It equips space researchers to reuse and integrate research data across different research studies and unlock innovative actionable insights.

TrialX has always been on the forefront of cutting edge clinical research solutions and space health informatics. From launching the first clinical trials app on Google Health in 2008, to powering online patient recruitment and research data collection for space missions, co-founders Sharib Khan and Chintan Patel are on a mission to facilitate One Billion Health Research Contributions.

"Our mission at TrialX has always been to bridge the gap between research and participants, whether on Earth or in space. Partnering with TRISH to support commercial space missions allows us to extend our commitment to advancing clinical research, using technology to empower both researchers and participants in groundbreaking ways," said CEO and cofounder Sharib Khan.

Khan and Patel first crossed paths at Columbia University, where their strong rapport led to the founding of TrialX Inc. and a partnership that has spanned over 16 years. Headquartered in New York, with presence in India, the Philippines, and Romania, the company is committed to accelerating clinical research and bridging the gap between research and patients—both on Earth and beyond.

Khan brings a deep understanding of clinical research and digital health to the table. With a background in medical sciences and biomedical informatics, he has been a driving force behind TrialX’s mission to democratise clinical research by using technology to engage and empower patients. Patel, with his background in computer science and a passion for healthcare innovation, plays a crucial role in driving technology solutions that make clinical research more accessible and efficient. Their shared vision and commitment to innovation and patient-centricity continues to push the boundaries of what’s possible in clinical trials and space health.

More recently, TRISH, in collaboration with consortium partners Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology, has partnered with TrialX to develop a software platform for a portable device that acts as a “to-go” version of the EXPAND master repository. This portable device is designed to extend the repository’s capabilities, allowing spaceflight participants to access their previously collected health information and store new data offline during their mission.

Upon returning to Earth, the device will automatically synchronise all collected data with the EXPAND Master Repository. If a participant continues on another segment of their space journey, the portable device will seamlessly transfer their existing health data from one mission segment to the next. By tackling the challenges of data transfer and interoperability in space, this portable solution aims to enhance the efficiency and quality of healthcare for astronauts.

The Polaris Dawn mission was initially slated to launch on August 27, but was delayed to August 28 due to technical issues and then postponed again, due to splashdown weather concerns for the end of the mission.

national-space-day-isros-new-system-to-detect-space-junk

Fri Aug 23 23:12:49 IST 2024

The ISRO has developed a system to track active and dead satellites, said ISRO chairman S Somnath. He added that Safe and Sustainable Operations Management will detect space junk formed due to the collision of objects in space.

Somnath was speaking at the National Space Day celebrations held on Friday in Delhi. The National Space Day fete is held to mark the first year anniversary of the Chandrayaan-3 moon mission.

Detailing ISRO's policy against littering in space, Somnath said the system also tracks the movement of unwanted satellites and anything that is above 10 cm in size. "We have created a mathematical model for the same. We can model them, we can understand them, we can predict their movement. We already have certain observational capabilities. And are now trying to expand it," he said. ISRO has vowed to bring satellites back to Earth after the completion of their mission life.

The ISRO chairman reminisced about the Chandrayaan-3 mission and the impact the mission had on the country. He also briefed on the National Space Day celebration held with the participation of departments, ministries, educational institutions, science organisations, NGOs, and the general public.

The event held at Bharath Mandapam Convention Centre in New Delhi also saw President Droupadi Murmu sharing her concern over the space debris as a result of numerous satellites being placed in orbit. "Space debris can cause problems for space missions," she said while lauding ISRO for setting itself a target to make future space missions debris-free by 2030.

The President also appreciated the ISRO System for Safe and Sustainable Operations Management Facility, which ensures continuous progress of space research activities.

The event was also attended by Minister of State for the Department of Space, Dr Jitendra Singh. The minister said that the government has set a target of $ 44 billion in revenue by 2032. As per the new report released by a European consulting firm, the space sector generated $60 billion in revenue in the last ten years against an investment of $13 billion.

national-space-day-why-it-is-a-significant-milestone-in-indias-space-journey

Thu Aug 22 15:26:37 IST 2024

India is gearing up to celebrate its first National Space Day on August 23, the date on which Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram Lander successfully landed at the ‘Shiv Shakti’ point on the Moon’s south polar region last year.

This day was officially announced by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi as a tribute to the scientists, engineers, and researchers who have driven India's space program to international prominence. The celebration aims to inspire future generations to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), while also highlighting the societal benefits of space technology.

“For India, National Space Day symbolises a significant milestone in its space exploration journey. It marks India's status as the fourth country to successfully land on the Moon and the first to reach its southern polar region. This achievement not only enhances India's reputation in the global space community but also serves as a catalyst for increased interest in space science among the youth. The day is an opportunity to showcase the impact of space missions on daily life, emphasising how advancements in space technology can lead to improvements in various sectors, including agriculture, communication, and disaster management,” remarked Srimathy Kesan, founder and CEO of Space Kidz India, which is into design, fabrication and launch of small satellites, spacecraft and ground systems.

ISRO Chairman S Somanath, had announced plans for 70 launches over the next five years. This ambitious goal aligns with India's growing capabilities in space technology and reflects its commitment to expanding its space exploration agenda. Given ISRO's track record of successful missions and increasing technological advancements, this target is deemed feasible. The planned launches will likely include a mix of satellite deployments, interplanetary missions, and international collaborations, contributing to India's strategic objectives in space. In addition to this the construction of a new launch pad at Kulasekarapatnam is anticipated to begin before the next National Space Day in 2025. This facility is expected to enhance India's launch capabilities.

Interestingly India's space startup ecosystem is rapidly evolving, with several notable companies making significant contributions to the industry. Some of the top Indian space startups include, Agnikul Cosmos that is known for its innovative launch vehicle solutions. Skyroot Aerospace that focuses on developing small satellite launch vehicles and Pixxel that specialises in satellite imagery and data analytics etc.

Various stake holders in the space ecosystem feel that the celebration of National Space Day is expected to foster greater awareness of space science and technology among rural populations. “Through various outreach programs, including educational workshops and mobile exhibitions, ISRO aims to engage students and communities in rural areas. These efforts are designed to demystify space technology and illustrate its relevance to everyday life, thereby inspiring interest and participation in the field of space science among youth in these regions. National Space Day serves as a pivotal platform for celebrating India's achievements in space exploration while inspiring future generations to engage with science,” added Kesan.

Involving private companies in space exploration is comparatively new for ISRO. The shift has been made possible under the stewardship of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Modi has uniquely encouraged the private sector to participate, which is uncommon for Indian government programmes. In 2020, the government reformed the space sector to encourage private companies’ involvement. On June 20, 2024, Jitendra Singh, Union Minister for Science and Technology, mentioned that space startups in India had grown from just one in 2022 to nearly 200 in 2024. He credited this increase to the sector’s reforms.

These applications from Indian companies requested help with authorisations, guidance, facility access, technology transfers and consultancy. By January 1 this year, various private entities had signed 51 memorandums of understanding (MoUs) and 34 joint project plans to assist with space activities.

“India has effectively gathered technologies from various countries. It has combined them to create something uniquely Indian. Chandrayaan-3 is a great example of this approach. ISRO said the mission cost just $74 million (about Rs 610 crore), which is less than a commercial airplane and surprisingly low for a spacecraft. This was partly achieved by using affordable off-the-shelf parts along with custom-made ones and by partnering with private companies for some development and manufacturing,” remarked space expert Girish Linganna.

The Centre is planning to launch a month-long campaign starting on Friday, August 23, to celebrate the first-ever ‘National Space Day’. This special day will celebrate India’s outstanding space missions and inspire the country’s youths with a theme that embodies the spirit of exploration: ‘Touching Lives while Touching the Moon: India’s Space Saga’. This theme highlights how India’s space missions not only achieve incredible milestones, such as reaching the Moon, but also make a positive impact on everyday life.

The National Space Day is meant to celebrate key achievements in space exploration, showcase progress in space technology and spark greater interest in space science among students. It also aims to increase public awareness about the benefits of space exploration while promoting national pride and unity. This day will be celebrated with a series of exciting events across the country, aimed at honouring India’s space achievements and inspiring future generations.

“With Chandrayaan-3, India has demonstrated its dominant role in growing global space market and aims to have 10 percent share of the global space economy in the next 10 years from $9 billion to $45 billion. Indian Space Policy 2023, ISRO and IN-SPACe have created a framework that provides the opportunity for startups to build critical technologies including small rockets, multi-sensor (fusion) satellite constellations, optical space communication, in-orbit maintenance & manufacturing. As India looks to the future ISRO carries the vision to build human space flight, space station and sending an Indian to the moon by 2040,” said Vishesh Rajaram, Managing Partner at Speciale Invest a seed-stage venture capital firm that invests in founders building technologies of tomorrow.

Interestingly the Indian space technology startup ecosystem has experienced remarkable growth over the past decade, especially post the sector’s liberalization, the government has significantly enabled the private sector's development through multiple initiatives. Key measures such as the Indian Space Policy, 2023, the National Geospatial Policy, 2022, as well as amendments to the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy highlight the support ISRO and In-SPACe have taken for the private space sector.

“Recently, the announcement of allocation of a Rs 1,000 crore venture capital fund during the Union Budget 2024 and the announcement of a Public-Private Partnership to develop a comprehensive Earth Observation System, are very positive indicators of the belief of the Government to substantially enhance the sector's progress. As an ecosystem, we still look up to the government for the creation of pathways for commercialisation via the private sector, streamlining and accelerating FDI applications and regulatory processes, and exploring updates to taxation policies on intellectual property in the deep tech sector. These efforts will support innovation and drive continued growth and success,” remarked Akash Yalagach, CTO and Co-Founder, KaleidEO.

what-are-2024-qa-and-2024-jv33-nasa-warns-of-two-gigantic-asteroids-racing-towards-earth

Mon Aug 19 10:51:58 IST 2024

NASA has issue a warning about two asteroids -- Asteroid 2024 QA and Asteroid 2024 JV33 -- moving really fast towards towards our planet, according to a report.

What is Asteroid 2024 QA?

Asteroid 2024 QA is an aircraft-sized rock with a length of 23.5 metre and a diameter of 41.3 metre. The gigantic rock belonging to Apollo asteroid group is expected to come as close as 7,06,502 km from the Earth.

It is travelling at a speed of 21.66 km per second. However, we need not worry as the asteroid will not change its path, all thanks to Earth's gravitational force, reports News9Live. It has been classified as a Near-Earth Object.

What is Asteroid 2024 JV33?

Asteroid 2024 JV33 is a building-sized rock which has a length of 207 metre and a diameter of 335 metre. The closest the asteroid will come near Earth is 4,58,663 km and it's expected to happen on August 19.

This has prompted NASA to categorise the Apollo group asteroid as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid. It's speed is 11.08 km per second.

Though it is extemely close, it is expected not to deviate from its path, according to News9Live.