Health

not-entirely-true-whats-the-reality-behind-gaurav-tanejas-worlds-first-protein-condom

Tue Mar 31 12:20:23 IST 2026

Protein is the gold standard for gym-goers, but fitness influencer Gaurav Taneja—aka ‘Flying Beast’—is challenging the status quo. His latest product launch has effectively "broken the internet," leaving millions of followers intrigued and baffled by its unconventional approach to traditional fitness nutrition.

Taneja's fitness brand 'Beast Life' has launched a 'protein condom', which is touted as the 'world's first protein condom'. With an erotic, catchy caption, the product was launched on Instagram. "We're coming to upgrade your night performance."

What is a protein condom?

According to Taneja, protein condoms offer protection that boosts blood flow, improves circulation and is powered by L-arginine, an amino acid that helps the body build protein.

However, there is no authenticity of the condom mentioned in the announcement as an actual, scientifically established product.

While 'Beast Life' hasn't officially confirmed the product’s reality, the post has already gone viral, leaving the online community divided between curiosity and disbelief.

The launch of the product just 48 hours before April 1st created a buzz. From a medical standpoint, there is no proven benefit to adding protein (which is meant for muscle repair via digestion) to a contraceptive.

Interestingly, the brand's claim of being the "first" might not be entirely accurate. Last year, the Swedish company LELO launched its 'HEX condom' in Europe, which also features an L-arginine-infused lubricant.

What is L-arginine?

At the heart of the product is L-arginine, an amino acid that helps the body build protein. Though naturally produced by the body, it is also commonly sourced from fish, red meat, beans, and dairy products.

Orally and topically, L-arginine can be used as a supplement. It can also be administered intravenously (IV).

Because L-arginine acts as a vasodilator, opening (dilating) blood vessels, many people take oral L-arginine to treat heart conditions and erectile dysfunction. Studies have found that taking oral L-arginine might improve sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction due to a physical cause.

Consult a doctor before taking the supplements, as it is not recommended for all. L-arginine isn't recommended for those who have had a recent heart attack due to concerns that the supplement might increase the risk of death.

How does L-arginine work topically?

Topical L-arginine works by converting into Nitric Oxide (NO), a powerful vasodilator that relaxes blood vessels and improves local circulation. This process not only enhances oxygen delivery to tissues but also aids in skin hydration and faster healing through collagen stimulation.

Topical L-arginine works in erectile dysfunction (ED) by being absorbed directly into the penile skin, where it acts as a precursor to synthesise nitric oxide (NO). This increased NO relaxes the smooth muscles and widens blood vessels in the penis, enhancing blood flow and improving erection firmness.

why-only-1-in-3-heart-failure-patients-are-insured-in-india-as-costs-cross-indian-rupee1-lakh-a-year

Tue Mar 31 10:04:16 IST 2026

Heart failure (HF) is a complex and chronic clinical condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body’s needs. It is not a single disease but a syndrome that develops due to underlying cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy.

Globally, heart failure affects an estimated 26 million people, with its burden rising steadily, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In India, the scale of the problem is equally concerning. Heart failure accounts for nearly 1.8 million hospitalisations every year and places immense pressure on an already stretched healthcare system. The disease often requires long-term management, repeated hospital admissions, and continuous medication, making it not just a medical challenge but also a significant economic burden for patients and their families.

A new multicentre study published in the journal Global Heart by researchers from the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology in Thiruvananthapuram sheds light on this financial strain. The findings reveal a stark reality: managing heart failure in India largely depends on out-of-pocket spending, with only about one in three patients having any form of health insurance.

What the study found

The study was conducted across 21 hospitals in different regions of India to capture a diverse and representative sample. Researchers recruited 1,859 heart failure patients and collected detailed clinical and economic data using structured questionnaires.

As noted in the study, “We recruited HF patients from 21 hospitals across India, selected to reflect regional diversity and varying stages of epidemiological transition.” The average age of participants was 55.9 years, which is notably younger than patients in Western or Chinese registries, highlighting how the disease affects Indians during their most productive years.

One of the most striking findings was the low level of insurance coverage. Only 32.2% of participants reported having any form of health insurance, leaving nearly seven out of ten patients financially unprotected.

The financial burden on patients was substantial. The study found that the average annual out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure was Rs 1,06,566, accounting for 92.6% of total health spending. This means that the vast majority of treatment costs are borne directly by patients and their families.

The economic impact extended beyond medical bills. About one-third of individuals (32.3%) and households (36.2%) reported a decline in monthly income following a heart failure diagnosis. This drop in income is often due to patients being unable to work or caregivers having to reduce their working hours.

The study also highlighted the prevalence of catastrophic health spending (CHS) and distress financing (DF). Catastrophic health spending refers to healthcare costs that consume a large portion of a household’s income, while distress financing includes borrowing money, selling assets, or taking loans to pay for treatment.

According to the findings, “Catastrophic health spending (CHS) and distress financing (DF) were observed in 37.7% and 17.7% of the households, respectively.” In simpler terms, nearly two out of five households faced severe financial strain due to heart failure.

Insurance coverage, although limited, did offer some protection. Among insured patients, CHS and DF were lower, 30.8% and 13.6%, respectively, compared to 40.3% and 18.9% among uninsured patients. However, the study points out that, “most existing insurance schemes are largely limited to inpatient care, leaving outpatient visits and long-term medication costs uncovered.”

The study also identified key predictors of financial hardship. Lower socioeconomic status, rural residence, lack of insurance, and the presence of multiple health conditions were all associated with higher financial burden. Patients from rural areas reported significantly greater economic stress compared to their urban counterparts.

Another important insight was the broader societal impact of the disease. Reduced income not only affects access to treatment but can also worsen health outcomes and overall quality of life. The study noted that similar patterns have been observed globally, where chronic diseases reduce labour force participation and increase economic vulnerability.

“Addressing this financial burden, including CHS and DF, is essential for improving clinical outcomes and ensuring health equity,” the study concluded.

What are the limitations?

One key strength of the study was its large and diverse sample. As the authors noted, “We embedded this study within the National HF Registry (NHFR), one of the largest HF registries in India, with robust representation from all geographic regions.” The use of a standardised methodology across multiple centres enhanced the reliability and comparability of the data.

However, the study also faced challenges related to representativeness. It did not include individuals who were unable to seek medical care due to financial constraints or those too ill to attend follow-up visits. This means that the actual economic burden may be even higher than reported.

“Our findings may be influenced by the non-representativeness of the sample, as we did not account for individuals who forewent medical treatment entirely due to financial constraints,” the researchers stated.

Another limitation was survival bias. The analysis included only those patients who returned for follow-up, potentially excluding more severe cases or those who did not survive. This could lead to an underestimation of both clinical severity and financial burden.

The study also relied on self-reported expenditure data, which introduces the possibility of recall bias. Patients may not accurately remember or report their healthcare expenses, especially over extended periods.

“Estimates of OOP and CHS relied on self-reported expenditure data, which is susceptible to recall bias,” the authors acknowledged.

From a methodological perspective, the lack of adjustment for clustering, such as differences between hospitals or regions, may have affected the precision of the estimates. Additionally, the study assessed expenditure only immediately after a hospital admission for heart failure.

As a result, it may not fully capture the long-term and cumulative financial burden associated with managing a chronic condition like heart failure.

“Expenditure was assessed only immediately after a hospital admission for HF, this represents a limited assessment of financial burden and may not capture the cumulative, long-term economic burden experienced by patients and their families,” the study noted.

Despite these limitations, the researchers emphasised that the findings provide valuable insights into the economic realities faced by heart failure patients in India and highlight critical gaps in financial protection mechanisms.

Why affordability remains a challenge: Expert insight

Dr Swarup Swaraj Pal, Chief CVTS Surgeon at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, noted that heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, often as a result of underlying conditions. “First, you have to understand what heart failure is and what causes it,” he said, adding that the disease is not a standalone illness but develops due to other cardiovascular problems.

According to Dr Pal, heart failure affects a significant number of people in India. He estimated that “it affects at least 30 lakh people in the country,” and pointed out that the mortality burden is substantial, with “over three lakh deaths occurring every month.”

He explained that one of the most common causes is ischemic cardiomyopathy, which results from blockages in the heart following a heart attack. In many cases, especially among diabetic patients, the disease progresses silently. “They don’t feel pain, so by the time they come to a doctor, the heart function is often down to 15–20%,” he said. In comparison, normal heart function ranges between 60% and 80%.

Patients typically present late, often with symptoms such as breathlessness and reduced physical capacity. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through investigations like a 2D echocardiogram. Dr Pal added that apart from ischemic heart disease, other causes include cardiomyopathy and complications arising in cancer patients.

A key challenge, he emphasised, is delayed presentation. “Most patients come to us very late,” he said. By that stage, they often require hospital admission, intensive treatment, and expensive medications. Recurrent hospitalisations further add to the financial burden.

Highlighting the cost of advanced care, Dr Pal pointed out that treatment options escalate significantly in severe cases. “If medicines don’t work, then we have to move to transplant pathways,” he said. He noted that heart transplants can cost between Rs 25–30 lakh, while artificial heart devices may cost up to Rs 1.3 crore.

Such high costs, he explained, are one of the reasons insurance companies are reluctant to provide comprehensive coverage. “Insurance providers see this as a high-risk, high-cost condition, so they are hesitant to cover it fully,” he said.

Dr Pal also addressed why insurance coverage remains low among heart failure patients. One major reason, he said, is lack of awareness. “Most patients who develop heart failure were healthy a few years earlier, so they don’t feel the need to take insurance,” he explained.

Even when patients seek insurance after diagnosis, they face multiple barriers. “Once you already have heart failure, getting insurance is difficult. Either the application is rejected or there is a waiting period of up to three years,” he said, adding that premiums also rise significantly—from around Rs 20,000 annually to Rs 50,000–Rs 70,000 for high-risk individuals.

He further pointed out that the nature of the disease itself discourages insurers. “Heart failure requires repeated hospitalisations, sometimes even monthly, so companies anticipate recurring costs,” he said.

Comparing India with other countries, Dr Pal noted that more comprehensive insurance systems can make a significant difference. “In many countries, advanced treatments like artificial hearts and transplants are covered by insurance,” he said.

He suggested that broader, mandatory insurance coverage could improve access to care in India. “If we move towards a system where everyone has insurance coverage, it would work in favour of patients. Otherwise, managing heart failure will continue to be financially challenging,” he added.

This story is done in collaboration with First Check, which is the health journalism vertical of DataLEADS

healthy-diet-in-midlife-linked-to-better-brain-function-later-study

Mon Mar 30 21:13:22 IST 2026

A healthy diet during midlife, particularly between the ages of 45 and 54, may significantly improve brain health and reduce the risk of cognitive decline later in life, according to a new study published in the journal JAMA Neurology.

The large cohort study involving 159,347 participants found that people who followed healthy dietary patterns showed “lower risk of subjective cognitive decline and better objectively measured cognitive function.”

The researchers noted that the benefits were strongest when healthy eating habits were adopted in middle age.

Strongest evidence for DASH diet

The study found the strongest association with the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, concluding that “greater adherence to a healthy diet… was associated with lower risk of subjective cognitive decline.”

The findings further showed that “the associations were most pronounced when the diet was followed during midadulthood (ages 45-54 years).”

Researchers said this suggests that dietary choices during critical midlife years may play an important role in determining long-term brain health.

The study systematically examined six dietary patterns, including DASH, plant-based diets and anti-inflammatory diets, noting that “higher adherence to all 6 dietary patterns was associated with a lower SCD risk.”

The paper also emphasised measurable cognitive benefits, stating that “higher adherence to the DASH diet also showed the strongest association with a higher objectively measured global cognition.”

Key foods linked to better cognition

The researchers identified specific food groups associated with better cognitive outcomes. According to the study, “key food groups associated with better cognitive function included higher vegetable and fish intake and lower red and processed meats intake.”

The authors said the results reinforce the importance of diet as an early preventive strategy against cognitive ageing. The study concluded: “Results reveal that healthy diets… were associated with a lower SCD risk and better cognitive function,” adding that the findings “underscore the importance of a healthy diet for maintaining long-term cognitive health.”

Why the findings matter

The researchers said inconsistent evidence in previous studies made it necessary to systematically compare multiple dietary patterns. Their results suggest that adopting healthy diets earlier rather than later may be key to preserving cognitive function.

The study adds to growing evidence that lifestyle choices, especially diet, can influence how the brain ages, and that preventive action may need to begin decades before old age.

indias-first-micronutrient-recovery-guidelines-aim-to-transform-patient-care

Mon Mar 30 20:52:50 IST 2026

India’s first formal guidelines on the clinical use of micronutrients in patient recovery, released by the Indian Medical Association in collaboration with P&G Health, mark a significant shift in how doctors approach healing.

Titled ‘Clinical Application of Micronutrients in Recovery – A Guidebook for Clinicians,’ the document brings vitamins and minerals to the centre of recovery strategies across a wide range of conditions.

Considering that micronutrient supplementation has remained underused in treating both acute and chronic illnesses, the guideline attempts to bridge a critical gap in everyday clinical practice by translating research into actionable clinical protocols.

A holistic, nutrition-led approach

At the heart of the new guidelines is a fundamental redefinition of recovery itself. Rather than viewing it as merely the resolution of symptoms, the document describes recovery as a return to previous habits and routines, along with the restoration of both physical and mental well-being after illness or surgery.

This expanded definition acknowledges that healing is a multidimensional process involving physiological repair and psychological resilience.

Physiological recovery focuses on restoring the body to a healthy state. Tissue healing, for instance, depends heavily on proper nutrition, with proteins playing a key role in repair and regeneration. Organ recovery requires specific nutrients, such as antioxidants that support liver function, while systemic recovery depends on hydration and electrolyte balance to maintain cellular and immune stability. These processes highlight how nutrition is not peripheral but central to healing.

Equally important is psychological recovery. The guidelines recognise that physical illness and surgical trauma can significantly affect mental health, often worsening recovery outcomes. Chronic diseases increase the risk of psychological distress, which in turn can reduce medication adherence, alter behaviour and weaken immune responses. Post-surgical patients may experience anxiety, depression, aggression or insomnia, all of which can delay recovery if left unaddressed.

To address these interconnected challenges, the document advocates a holistic approach that integrates physical, mental, emotional, and even behavioural aspects of care. It emphasises that recovery requires both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise and mindset are positioned as critical components of disease management. Within this framework, micronutrients emerge as essential tools in dietary interventions, supporting not only recovery but also long-term disease prevention.

The biological basis of recovery is also detailed through mechanisms such as tissue repair, which unfolds in three phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. The initial inflammatory phase involves immune cells clearing debris and pathogens. This is followed by a proliferative phase marked by tissue formation, angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Finally, the remodelling phase strengthens and restructures tissue over time. Each of these stages is nutrient-dependent, reinforcing the need for adequate micronutrient support throughout the healing process.

Micronutrients across conditions

The guidelines provide a detailed account of how specific micronutrients contribute to recovery across different clinical conditions. They underscore that micronutrients, though required in small amounts, play a disproportionately large role in immune function, cellular repair, metabolism and antioxidant defence. Deficiencies, which affect over 2 billion people globally, can significantly impair recovery, increase complications and worsen outcomes.

In acute infections, micronutrients are positioned as critical support tools for immune function. Vitamins from the B-complex group, particularly B6 and B12, are highlighted for their role in supporting white blood cell production and maintaining cellular function. Vitamin C is noted for boosting immune response and aiding tissue repair, while minerals such as zinc and selenium help combat infections and reduce oxidative stress. Iron, essential for oxygen transport and immune health, is recommended with caution during infections due to its complex role in pathogen dynamics.

For chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, the focus shifts to long-term regulation of inflammation and immune function. Vitamins B6, B9 (folate) and B12 are emphasised for their role in modulating immune activity and supporting metabolic pathways. These nutrients may help improve disease management by reducing systemic inflammation and enhancing cellular resilience.

Surgical recovery represents another critical area where micronutrient support is essential. Patients undergoing major procedures often experience increased nutritional demands, and deficiencies can delay wound healing, impair nerve repair and increase the risk of complications. The guidelines recommend targeted supplementation to support tissue regeneration, immune defence and overall recovery. Nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D and B-complex vitamins are particularly important in the post-operative phase, aiding healing and reducing inflammation.

The document also addresses specialised conditions. In autoimmune disorders, vitamins B6, B9 and B12 may help regulate immune responses and reduce inflammation, while vitamins D and E contribute to immune modulation and oxidative stress reduction. In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), B-complex vitamins are linked to improved glucose metabolism and hormonal balance, while vitamin D and chromium support insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.

Thyroid disorders are another area of focus. The guidelines suggest that B-complex vitamins, particularly B12, support metabolism and nerve function, while iron and zinc contribute to thyroid health. In hyperthyroidism, these nutrients may help manage fatigue and regulate hormone synthesis. Similarly, in cardiac recovery, especially after surgery, nutrients such as vitamin B1, B6 and B12 support heart function, reduce inflammation and protect vascular health.

Paediatric care is also extensively covered. In children, micronutrients are essential not only for recovery but also for growth and development. The guidelines highlight the importance of balanced nutrient intake in supporting immune development and energy metabolism. In cases of dehydration or diarrhoea, oral rehydration remains the first line of treatment, supported by zinc supplementation to restore immune and mucosal function. Additional multivitamin support may be required in prolonged illness.

Targeted supplementation and early intervention

One of the most significant contributions of the guidelines is their focus on bridging the gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice. The document acknowledges that standard dietary intake may not be sufficient in many medical situations. During acute illness, chronic disease or post-surgical recovery, the body’s nutritional requirements often increase, necessitating higher doses of micronutrients, sometimes exceeding the recommended dietary allowance (RDA).

This need is particularly acute in vulnerable populations. Patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those on dialysis, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery, people with chronic alcoholism and those with malabsorption disorders are identified as high-risk groups requiring intensified micronutrient support. In such cases, deficiencies can significantly delay recovery and increase the risk of complications.

Vitamin B12 receives special emphasis due to its widespread deficiency and critical role in neurological function, red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis. The guidelines note that individuals on long-term medications such as metformin, commonly used in diabetes management, are at increased risk of deficiency. Gastrointestinal disorders affecting nutrient absorption further compound this risk. Timely supplementation, therefore, becomes essential to prevent complications such as anaemia, nerve damage and cognitive decline.

The document also highlights the importance of individualised care. Micronutrient requirements vary based on age, clinical condition and overall health status. In paediatric patients, dosing must be carefully adjusted, with higher requirements during illness despite generally lower baseline needs. This underscores the need for evidence-based, patient-specific approaches rather than a one-size-fits-all model.

Another key takeaway is the emphasis on early intervention. The guidelines stress that the roots of many diseases, and their recovery trajectories, begin much earlier than clinical symptoms appear. By integrating micronutrient assessment and supplementation into routine care, clinicians can not only improve recovery outcomes but also reduce the long-term burden of disease.

According to Milind Thatte, Managing Director, Procter & Gamble Health Limited, there is growing recognition of the role of micronutrients in recovery, but limited clarity on their effective use in Indian patients. Highlighting this gap, he said, “While there is growing recognition of the vital role of micronutrients in recovery, especially following illnesses, infections, and surgeries, there is limited information on how these can be effectively used, especially for Indian patients. Recognizing this unmet need, P&G Health, in joint collaboration with the Indian Medical Association (IMA), is delighted to launch ‘India’s First Patient Recovery Guidelines’ for Doctors.”

Dr Dilip Bhanushali, President of the Indian Medical Association (IMA), described the initiative as a significant step forward in improving patient care. “These patient recovery guidelines represent an important step forward in patient care. With clear evidence supporting the role of micronutrients in improving health outcomes, we are proud to support the dissemination of this knowledge among medical practitioners across the country,” he said, adding that the document offers “a step-by-step algorithm for optimising recovery using nutritional support.”

This story is done in collaboration with First Check, which is the health journalism vertical of DataLEADS

apollo-neurologist-lists-the-7-lifestyle-changes-that-can-save-you-from-stroke

Mon Mar 30 19:52:37 IST 2026

Stroke is often perceived as a sudden, unpredictable catastrophe. In reality, it is one of the most preventable major diseases, if we pay attention to the warning signs our body gives us over time.

How common is stroke?

Stroke is a major public health problem in India. It is estimated that 1 in 4 people globally will suffer a stroke in their lifetime. In India, the incidence has been steadily rising, with younger individuals being increasingly affected, unlike in Western populations.

Stroke is not only common, but it is also a serious condition. It is a leading cause of death and one of the top causes of long-term disability, leaving many survivors with weakness, speech difficulties, or cognitive impairment. The impact extends beyond the individual, affecting families emotionally, physically, and financially.

Who is at risk?

Traditionally, stroke is considered a disease of the elderly. While advancing age remains a major risk factor, today we are seeing strokes in people in their 40s and even 30s.

Why is this happening?

The answer lies in changing lifestyles, which include increasing stress, sedentary habits, poor sleep and unhealthy diet. Some risk factors, like age and genetics, cannot be changed. But the good news is that most risk factors are modifiable.

Treatment exists, but reaches only a few

Modern medicine has made remarkable advances in stroke care. Treatments such as clot-busting injections (thrombolysis) and mechanical clot removal (thrombectomy) can dramatically improve outcomes if given early.

However, there is a critical limitation: These treatments work only within a short time window (usually within a few hours) after symptom onset. Unfortunately, due to delayed recognition and late hospital arrival, only a small proportion of patients actually receive these therapies. This is why prevention becomes the most powerful strategy.

Prevention: The real game changer

The encouraging reality is this: Up to 80 per cent of strokes can be prevented with the right measures.

1. Control blood pressure (the single most important factor)

High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke. Regular monitoring and proper treatment can dramatically reduce risk.

2. Manage diabetes and cholesterol

Uncontrolled blood sugar and high cholesterol damage blood vessels over time, increasing the risk of blockages.

3. Quit smoking and alcohol

Smoking accelerates damage to arteries and increases clot formation. Excess alcohol also raises blood pressure and stroke risk.

4. Move your body regularly

Regular physical activity improves blood circulation, reduces blood pressure and enhances metabolic health. Even 30 minutes of brisk walking most days can make a significant difference.

5. Eat a balanced, heart-healthy diet

Focus on fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds and healthy fats. Reduce processed foods, excess salt and sugary drinks. A healthy diet supports both vascular and brain health.

6. Prioritise sleep and reduce stress

Poor sleep and chronic stress are often overlooked but important contributors. Aim for 7–8 hours of good-quality sleep. Practice stress management techniques such as relaxation, mindfulness, or simply taking time off from work. Overworking without adequate rest can silently increase risk over time.

7. Maintain a healthy weight and waistline

Excess abdominal fat is closely linked to metabolic disorders and stroke risk.

Stroke is not inevitable. It is, to a large extent, a lifestyle-linked disease. Small, consistent changes such as better sleep, healthier food choices, regular exercise, and routine health check-ups can collectively reduce risk dramatically.

Despite the best preventive efforts, strokes can still occur. It is crucial to recognise warning signs, which include sudden weakness of face, arm, or leg, difficulty speaking or understanding, sudden vision problems and severe headaches or imbalance.

If any of these occur, do not wait. Rush to the nearest hospital immediately. Every minute of delay can mean loss of brain cells, but timely treatment can save function and lives.

Stroke is one of the few major diseases where prevention is possible and largely successful. Take charge of your health today. Protect your brain, your independence, and your future.

The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of THE WEEK.

study-reveals-shocking-heart-risks-for-people-with-type-1-and-type-2-diabetes

Mon Mar 30 18:25:25 IST 2026

People with type 1 and type 2 diabetes face a significantly higher risk of sudden cardiac death, according to a large Danish study published in the European Heart Journal. The increased risk was especially pronounced among younger adults.

Researchers analysed health data from the entire Danish population in 2010. That year, there were 54,028 deaths, including 6,862 cases of sudden cardiac death. Among those cases, 97 individuals had type 1 diabetes and 1,149 had type 2 diabetes.

Compared with people without diabetes, the risk of sudden cardiac death was 6.5 times higher in those with type 2 diabetes and 3.7 times higher in those with type 1 diabetes. The risk was greatest among younger adults: people under 50 with diabetes had a sevenfold higher risk of sudden cardiac death.

On average, people with diabetes also had a shorter life expectancy—14.2 years shorter for those with type 1 diabetes and 7.9 years shorter for those with type 2 diabetes. Sudden cardiac death accounted for 3.4 years of life lost among people with type 1 diabetes and 2.7 years among those with type 2 diabetes.

“We found that sudden cardiac death occurs more frequently in people with diabetes across all age groups, and that sudden cardiac death has a substantial impact on the shortened life expectancy in individuals with diabetes,” the lead researcher said.

Because sudden cardiac death is difficult to predict or prevent, the findings highlight the importance of people with diabetes working closely with their clinicians to reduce cardiovascular risk.

is-bipolar-disorder-just-mood-swings-heres-the-truth

Mon Mar 30 17:46:15 IST 2026

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects a person’s mood, energy, activity, and thinking patterns. It is characterised by episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression, which can significantly impact daily life if left unmanaged.

According to the World Health Organisation, “an estimated 1 in 200 people (around 37 million) live with bipolar disorder worldwide.” The organisation further notes that “bipolar disorder is associated with significant disability and difficulties in many areas of life.”

WHO also highlights a critical concern: many individuals with bipolar disorder are either misdiagnosed or do not receive adequate treatment, often facing stigma and discrimination that further delays care.

This World Bipolar Day, we spoke to Dr Vivian Kapil, Consultant Psychiatrist at SRM Prime Hospital, to break down some of the most common myths surrounding bipolar disorder, and what people often get wrong about this condition.

Bipolar disorder is not just 'mood swings'

Dr Vivian Kapil says one of the most common misconceptions is that bipolar disorder is simply about frequent mood changes. “The most common myth is that bipolar disorder is just mood swings. The main thing is, it’s not as simple as that,” he explains.

He clarifies that bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition marked by distinct episodes. “It’s not just normal fluctuations in mood that many of us experience. There are clear-cut episodes of mania or hypomania, and periods of depression that can last for days to weeks.” These episodes, he adds, significantly impair daily functioning, affecting judgment, sleep, behaviour, and overall quality of life.

People are not always ‘high’ or ‘low’

Another widespread myth is that individuals with bipolar disorder are constantly either manic or depressed. Dr Kapil notes that this is far from reality. Most individuals experience stable phases in between episodes.

“People think individuals with bipolar disorder are always either high or low. But that is not true. They can have stable states, which we call a euthymic state, especially when they are on adequate treatment,” he says.

He emphasises that bipolar disorder is episodic, not continuous. With proper treatment, the frequency and severity of episodes can be reduced.

Mania is not the same as being happy or productive

The idea that mania simply means feeling happy or highly productive is another misconception that needs correction. “Mania is not just feeling good or being happy,” Dr Kapil explains. “People in a manic episode can be highly impulsive, excitable, and may exhibit abnormal behaviour.”

He adds that such individuals may develop inflated self-esteem, engage in risky behaviours, and have impaired judgment. Sleep is often reduced, and their actions can lead to serious personal, social, financial, or occupational consequences.

“It’s very unlikely that someone in a manic episode will be productive; in fact, it is more often destructive,” he notes.

Bipolar disorder is not rare

Many people assume bipolar disorder is uncommon, but Dr Kapil points out that it affects a significant portion of the population. “Bipolar prevalence is almost one to two per cent of the total population,” he says.

However, it is often underdiagnosed, particularly in India, due to limited access to mental health services and a lack of awareness. “Many times, it is mistaken for a normal depressive episode or even seen as part of someone’s personality.”

A diagnosis does not mean the end of a normal life

There is also a fear that a bipolar diagnosis means lifelong limitations and inability to lead a normal life. Dr Kapil stresses that while bipolar disorder is a chronic condition, it is treatable and manageable. “Even though it is a chronic condition, it can be treated with medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes,” he explains.

With proper treatment and regular follow-up, individuals can lead stable and fulfilling lives. “Many patients can have successful family lives, careers, and relationships, as long as they adhere to treatment and stay in touch with a mental health professional.”

This story is done in collaboration with First Check, which is the health journalism vertical of DataLEADS

is-india-ready-for-menstrual-leave-sc-judgment-triggers-nationwide-debate

Mon Mar 30 17:54:30 IST 2026

The Supreme Court judgment on the writ petition on menstrual leave policy leaves no doubt that India’s top court is myopic and reductive on the issue of menstrual justice.

Menstrual Justice is an intersection of infrastructural, intersectional and operational justice, and any policy against gender discrimination in the workplace cannot turn a blind eye towards working during menstruation. The judgment should open up the debate on women's empowerment at the workplace and of menstrual justice in three ways. These observations are drawn from fieldwork conducted towards developing a menstrual leave policy in the police district of Krishnanagar in West Bengal.

The WASH gap

Firstly, most public and private work cultures are dominantly male, and females are a stereotyped presence. A recent McKinsey study reveals that in India, obstacles to women’s workforce participation emerge early at the entry level and decrease by an average of two percentage points per level.

More than half of the 324 organisations surveyed -in India, Kenya and Nigeria- prioritised a baseline policy or a differentiator policy for ensuring gender equity at the workplace. Yet the 'broken rung' remained in a state of unrepair.

For it is not just in numbers that men supersede women at the workplace. My work with the police department helped me comprehend that gender discrimination is present in social interactions, workplace practices, attitudes of male co-workers, ideologically tinged rhetoric and the material designs of the police workplace through which systemic biases operate against women despite legal safeguards.

Specifically, when it comes to menstrual justice at the workplace, people who menstruate do not have access to WASH enabling architecture at the Police Station, medical aid and sanitary napkins. For women police personnel who were undergoing their menstrual cycle and had to work outside the police station/office environment, a system to ensure productive field work through welfare, logistical and medical support was nil.

Conversations with women constables revealed not just faulty organisational designs that work against them but also stray incidents where menstruating women on field duty were threatened with institutional consequences for seeking permission to use the toilet one too many times.

The first step in the direction of creating infrastructural justice, then, is to build adequate women’s toilets with waste baskets and disposal bags where there are none and refurbish those that already exist. Separate and functional toilets close to workstations must be considered non-negotiable minimum requirements.

Moreover, bringing about a change in attitude amongst women personnel, that the infrastructure is not just another public building but a common resource used to meet a collective WASH goal, sets in a sense of ownership. It was found, all over the district, that this sense of ownership moved them to maintain with care their common WASH resources.

Differences and support

Secondly, policies for safe, equitable and diverse workplaces should not be uniform for all women and gender minorities. Rather, it should be evolutionary and distributive. The ability to manage menstruation with dignity should be a fundamental right. However, the capacity to access menstrual justice varies according to categories of class, caste, ethnicity, age and ability of the person concerned. Most menstrual leave policies determine fair procedures for menstrual justice, neglecting the differentiated capacities of people to access their rights.

According to the India Justice Report 2025 published by the Bureau of Police Research and Development, the representation of women in the Indian Police is 11.7 per cent, of which 90 per cent are in the constabulary and the rest are in the Indian Police Service.

Physical injury, moral injury, pathways to psychological injury and post-traumatic stress levels vary drastically across different levels of the hierarchy, as shown in research, where personnel at the bottom of the pyramid bear with greater proximity to all of the above.

It is the personnel at the bottom of the pyramid who deliver most of the care responsibilities: assisting victims, assisting senior citizens, helping those in distress on the streets, providing prompt medical care regardless of legalities, child protection, all kinds of emergency assistance and community engagement.

Responsibilities that fall into the low prestige category when compared to law and order enforcement, yet are the most common services offered countless times every single day, which are borne by women police constables frequently.

Quite logically, then, no two women working in the same department will have the same welfare needs nor the same agency to advocate for gender justice. For women in the police, the difference in access derives from all of the above categories, plus the disadvantage that comes from framing the employee in the police department as a degendered yet hypermasculine, docile yet aggressive, stoic and uncomplaining.

Even when support came in the form of free sanitary napkins, the gesture was tedious and technocratic, for the welfare was designed from up the hierarchy by male superiors who deemed that installing sanitary napkin dispensers that dispensed substandard napkins at centralised locations is sufficient.

Personnel at the Krishnanagar Police District suggested that sanitary napkins be included in every police station's standard first aid kit for better accessibility. Police stations received monthly allocations of sanitary napkins based on their specific requirements. Regular feedback was sought by a DSP-level officer, and the feedback forum at every police station was gathered under the guidance of the internal committee.

As a practice, the Internal Committee formed under the POSH Act conducted quarterly gender justice workplace audits, where they discussed the benefits and issues of current support measures and offered timely recommendations. This practice sealed the intention-implementation gap.

The Krishnanagar Model

Thirdly, policy reforms and institutional redesign can work if issues of gender justice at the workplace are addressed from the operational level and below.

Real issues of gender discrimination that impact daily, short-term, repetitive tasks and bring down the operational efficiency of the organisation must be addressed first before creating frameworks at the strategic level or at large scale. Menstrual justice seeks to identify and rectify pain, both biological and social: physical pain that comes from menstruation as well as the socio-psychological pain that comes from withstanding the ‘stigma’ of menstruating.

To be forced to work in pain is harassment. No Indian labour law defines pain legally, although it is considered a trigger for leaves, benefits and compensation. If a back injury at work triggers compensation or leave, why does the chronic, monthly pain of dysmenorrhea, compounded by heavy riot gear and lack of toilets, not trigger the same institutional empathy?

Menstrual justice at operational levels can ensure that tasks and jobs are organised to be meaningful to the women and reduce painful experiences at work.

At the Krishnanagar Police District, a discretionary 2-day menstrual leave policy, subject to guidelines, was instituted. Women police personnel availed the leave in three ways:

1) through scheduling for lighter duty that does not involve any field duty or law and order duty while menstruating

2) rotating work schedules through a rolling calendar and loose PS level coordination

3)opting for remote work.

A hallmark of this policy was that it empowered women personnel to independently manage their leave and menstrual leave registers to ensure fairness while preventing misuse. This is a significant step, for even the draft Menstrual Leave Law 2024 tabled in the Lok Sabha called for a cumbersome leave application process.

Expectedly, there were outliers in this scheme; two women constables at a police station reported that they refused to avail the leave and mark it up in the register for fear of being mocked at, nevertheless stayed at home for a day or two with permission from the officer-in-charge. Ultimately, the policy’s most humane achievement was providing physical relief. For personnel accustomed to long shifts, the simple luxury of not standing, to stay off their feet, felt revolutionary.

Thinking about menstrual justice

What we need are intentional, operational-level changes that position menstrual justice as a capacity enhancer for the people who wish to access and use it.

Menstrual justice for police personnel at the workplace should come with other development measures that address interactional injustice, scheduled flexibility for nursing mothers, flexibility for women with care responsibilities, and customised riot gear and uniforms for women instead of the ‘unisex male’. For any organisation, a good place to start is with a gender audit to bring to light barriers in configuring an equitable workplace.

Having said all that, how to think of the issue of menstrual justice? Supportive rhetoric for the Supreme Court judgment hinged on dataism, biologism, corporatism and a kind of equalism that considers inclusion as charity.

One cannot understand menstrual justice with data points alone, which point to the percentage of women who suffer from painful periods. When legal discourse is buttressed with statements like ‘studies show that only five per cent of women suffer from endometriosis’, the court and the proponents of the verdict commit the exact pathologisation and biologism with data that it proposed would be the effect of a menstrual leave policy.

Health-related data mining in India has still not attained sufficient granularity, even to drive existing digital healthcare initiatives. Besides dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Intermenstrual Bleeding, PCOD, Endometriosis, etc., are conditions that cannot be easily dataified, for the experience of each suffering woman is fundamentally different and cannot be easily captured. To refer to biological sameness as a tactic to wash over the inherent differences and then to use it as a tactic to block off creating a legally enforceable right is manipulative.

It is easy to infer that the antagonists of menstrual justice, who mention the ‘practical reality of the job market’, speak in the tone of a purple feminist who believes that issues around menstruation are personal.

When in reality matters around menstruation are a collective, systemic issue compounded by physical, cognitive, legal and medical social structures. In claiming that a right is not appropriate to the logic of the market, the verdict and its proponents commit a series of presumtions of the ambit of law and rights: one in which it is presumed that only elite woman working in elite sectors of the ecomony need to be under judicial protection of any kinds of right if it all and secondly, that systemtic issues that require legal solutions can be solved voluntarily. The kind of feminist thinking that will be happily appreciated by the market.

When 90 to 95 per cent of women in India are working in the informal economy, and likely have issues related to menstruation, the judgment was definitely played according to laissez-faire. The blanket proposition, which the antagonist tried to stave off in the name of equality, is already working, quite ironically. Simply put, when it comes to menstruation, people who menstruate are already different from people who do not, and that requires support if it hampers their quality of life and their ability to work. The recent verdict is for those who still think of menstruation as a shame and would rather invest their energies in taboo mongering. Hypercapitalist, masculine standards should not be the lid on the issue of menstruation. PERIOD.

(Lakshmi Prabha P. is a researcher at Jadavpur University. She worked on developing a Framework for Gender Justice and Safety for Women Police Personnel at Work under the Krishnanagar District Police in West Bengal)

The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of THE WEEK.

can-a-fish-drive-blubs-record-breaking-car-journey-and-its-implications-for-people-with-disabilities

Sun Mar 29 15:00:19 IST 2026

From the fishbowl to the fast lane: Blub, an Italian goldfish, has secured a Guinness World Record for driving a car. By navigating 40 feet in just one minute using a motion-sensing vehicle, Blub proved that even the smallest aquatic minds can master the mechanics of the road.

Computer engineer and pet owner Thomas de Wolf was the man behind the motorised invention.

How can fish drive a car?

The fish-operated vehicle (FOV) developed by Wolf functions through a sophisticated translation of movement into mechanical action. The success of the invention has profound implications for the future of assistive technology.

The vehicle has a camera mounted above the water tank that monitors the fish's position and orientation. This motion-sensing camera detects movement when the fish moves to a particular direction, and in turn, the car moves in that direction.

An onboard computer processes the fish's "intent"—for example, if the fish swims toward a specific side of the tank, the computer interprets this as a directional command.

The wheels of the vehicle move in the direction the fish is facing. If Blub swims toward a target (usually a red board for a food reward), the car moves toward that target.

How can it be helpful for people with physical impairments?

In future, the technology could be useful for those suffering from physical impairments.

1. Non-invasive navigation for paralysis: For those suffering from quadriplegia or ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), traditional joysticks are not an option. The FOV technology proves that computer vision can track any subtle movement—like eye tracking or slight head tilts—and translate it into smooth, multi-directional movement for a wheelchair.

2. Adaptive 'intent' algorithms: The software used for Blub filters out "noise" (random swimming) from "intent" (swimming toward a goal). In the future, smart prosthetics or wheelchairs could use similar AI to distinguish between a user’s accidental muscle twitch and an intentional command to move, reducing "driver fatigue" for those with motor control issues.

3. Spatial awareness aids for the visually impaired: Blub learned to navigate an unfamiliar terrestrial environment from within an aquatic one. This "cross-domain" navigation could lead to devices that translate environmental data (via LiDAR) into sensory feedback—such as haptic vibrations or audio cues—helping visually impaired individuals navigate complex 3D spaces.

digital-burnout-why-your-brain-cant-keep-up-with-constant-connectivity

Sun Mar 29 14:08:38 IST 2026

There was a time when logging off meant switching off. Today, the boundaries between work, rest, and everything in between have quietly dissolved. Notifications follow us from morning alarms to late-night scrolling, creating a state of constant engagement that the brain was never designed to handle. This persistent exposure is now being recognised as digital burnout, a subtle yet significant strain on cognitive and emotional health.

At its core, digital burnout is not just about screen time; it is about the lack of mental downtime. The brain requires periods of rest to process information, consolidate memory, and regulate emotions. However, with emails, social media, and messaging platforms demanding continuous attention, the brain remains in a prolonged state of alertness. Over time, this can lead to mental fatigue, reduced focus, and a sense of cognitive overload.

One of the most immediate effects is a decline in attention span. Constant switching between apps and task fragments concentration, making it harder to engage deeply with any one activity. This phenomenon, often referred to as attention residue, means that even when we move on to a new task, part of our mind remains occupied with the previous one. The result is reduced productivity and an increased sense of frustration.

Sleep is another major casualty of digital burnout. Exposure to screens, particularly before bedtime, disrupts the body’s natural circadian rhythm. Blue light emitted from devices suppresses melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep and affecting sleep quality. Over time, poor sleep further amplifies stress, irritability, and cognitive impairment, creating a cycle that is difficult to break.

Beyond cognitive effects, constant connectivity also impacts emotional well-being. The pressure to stay available, respond instantly, and keep up with an endless stream of information can lead to heightened anxiety. Social media, in particular, introduces an additional layer of comparison and validation-seeking, which can further strain mental health. The brain, overwhelmed by both information and emotional stimuli, struggles to find balance.

Importantly, digital burnout often goes unnoticed until it begins to affect daily functioning. Signs may include persistent fatigue despite adequate rest, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and a reduced ability to enjoy offline activities. Unlike traditional burnout, which is often linked to work, digital burnout permeates all aspects of life, making it harder to identify and address.

How to manage digital burnout

Managing digital burnout does not necessarily mean eliminating technology but using it more intentionally. Small shifts, such as setting boundaries around screen time, taking regular breaks, and creating device-free zones, can help restore balance. Prioritising offline activities, whether it is reading, exercising, or simply spending time without a screen, allows the brain to reset and recover.

Equally important is reclaiming moments of stillness. In a hyper-connected world, boredom has become rare, yet it plays a crucial role in creativity and mental clarity. Allowing the mind to wander, even briefly, can significantly improve cognitive resilience.

As digital integration continues to grow, recognising the impact of constant connectivity on brain health becomes essential. Digital burnout is not an inevitable consequence of modern life, but a signal that the brain needs pause, space, and recovery. The challenge lies not in disconnecting entirely, but in learning how to stay connected without losing mental balance.

The author is the chairman and group director - neurology at Yatharth Hospitals.

The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of THE WEEK.