Amitabh Kant

thank-you-the-week-for-providing-me-a-space

Sat Sep 07 11:12:18 IST 2024

As I pen the final column for THE WEEK, I find myself reflecting on the topics I’ve explored over the past two years, as well as the publication that gave them a home—THE WEEK, which has played a significant role in shaping public discourse in India. Founded in 1982, THE WEEK has carved out a unique space in the Indian media landscape, emerging as one of the largest circulated English news magazines in the country. With its insightful coverage across politics, technology, culture, and social issues, it has become a critical platform that addresses matters pertinent to the lives of India’s citizens.

As India’s G20 sherpa, I have had the opportunity to address a diverse range of governance and policy challenges on this platform. From exploring the potential of India’s blue economy to analysing the implications of sustainable urbanisation, I have tried to make my articles informative and transformative, especially as we find ourselves in a period marked by India’s unprecedented regional and global growth. At such a pivotal juncture in history, THE WEEK has allowed me to connect with readers at a time when inclusive dialogue around these pressing issues is most essential.

THE WEEK’s illustrious history and its mission to tackle issues that affect the masses resonate with me deeply—reflecting in many ways my own journey and values, which were significantly shaped during my time in Kerala. Having spent a large portion of my life in the Malabar region, I have seen the broad, and deep, impact of community-first values and a commitment to sustainable development first-hand.

In the early 1980s, after completing my MA, I embarked on a journey that would lead me to the heart of Kerala. Although being assigned to the Kerala cadre through the UPSC examination was unexpected and not my initial choice, it turned out to be among the most enlightening phases of my life. My initial days in Thrissur were a cultural revelation, but they also laid the foundation for my understanding of collective action and communication.

Living among the people of Kerala, within its diverse and dynamic communities, I learned the power of community and transformation. This experience has informed my approach to policy and governance throughout my career. Learning Malayalam was a key part of my integration into the community, and Malayala Manorama played a crucial role in that journey. Each morning, I would start my day with the newspaper, using it to improve my language skills and truly understand the pulse of the region. Through its pages, I was introduced to the vibrant stories of Kerala’s people—their festivals, their challenges, and their triumphs. This daily ritual helped me grasp the concerns and hopes of the community, keeping me informed and connected, and plugging me into an ecosystem of belonging unlike anything I had experienced before.

My advocacy for women’s empowerment, the importance of reducing dependency on fossil fuels, and the need for climate-resilient urban planning all stem from a belief that true progress is collective in nature. Every article in THE WEEK served as an opportunity to elevate these themes, showcasing the interplay between policy and the lived realities of our people.

Using THE WEEK as a platform allowed me to narrate stories of innovation and resilience that often go unnoticed—the fisherman who embraced a new technology to better his catch, the small-scale entrepreneur harnessing digital tools to grow her business, and the communities coming together to celebrate their rich heritage while adapting to modern challenges.

As I conclude this column, I remain optimistic of the future. THE WEEK has helped me share insights and reflect the aspirations and concerns of our citizens. I’ve been grateful for the positive feedback from loyal middle-class readers, who help distinguish THE WEEK as a platform for meaningful conversation. This connection serves as a reminder of journalism’s power to inspire change.

Embracing community-first values, we must continue engaging with local narratives to shape our collective future.

Thank you, THE WEEK, for providing a space to engage, reflect, and advocate for values that uplift and empower every Indian.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

blueprint-for-blue-economy

Sat Aug 03 10:43:31 IST 2024

The oceans are the lifeblood of our planet, covering over 70 per cent of its surface and providing a critical source of sustenance and economic activity. They support the livelihoods of billions, regulate our climate, and drive global trade. However, these vital ecosystems are under severe threat from pollution, overfishing, and climate change. As we face these challenges, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices and seek international cooperation to preserve the oceans for future generations.

Oceans are essential for earth’s ecological balance, absorbing 30 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and producing oxygen through marine photosynthesis. They are a key driver of the global economy, with ocean-related industries generating trillions annually, and facilitating 80 per cent of global trade via sea routes. Coastal areas are also home to more than 40 per cent of the global population, and offer numerous recreational and tourism opportunities. Despite their importance, the health of our oceans is rapidly declining. Pollution, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, and climate change are the primary threats. Marine pollution, including plastic waste, oil spills, and toxic chemicals, is devastating marine life and ecosystems. Overfishing is depleting fish stocks and endangering species, while climate change is causing ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and increasing sea temperatures.

The challenges confronting oceans disproportionately impact developing nations and small island states heavily reliant on marine resources for economic stability and food security. Their limited economic diversification renders them vulnerable to disruptions in fisheries and tourism, compounded by the brunt of climate change impacts, including rising sea levels, coastal erosion, and severe weather events. Limited financial and technical resources exacerbate their vulnerability, impeding efforts to invest in sustainable practices and disaster resilience. The ocean does not adhere to manmade borders, making its preservation a collective responsibility that requires global cooperation to solve. India is at the forefront of implementing a Blue Economic Policy, aimed at effectively utilising maritime resources for sustainable coastal development. This comprehensive approach covers various sectors such as living and non-living resources, tourism, and ocean energy. Additionally, India’s Deep Ocean Mission focuses on six key areas to support these initiatives. Since 2015, India’s Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) policy highlights its commitment to fostering economic and security cooperation with maritime neighbours, emphasising the importance of global partnerships and maritime security capabilities. Yet, there is more we can do to save our oceans, especially as environmental conditions worsen.

India’s coastline holds vast potential for sustainable tourism, driving economic growth and fostering environmental stewardship. Essential to this endeavour is the protection of coral reefs and prevention of plastic and other pollution to attract tourists while safeguarding marine ecosystems. Strategic investments in tourism infrastructure, supported by both government and private sectors, along with community capacity building, are key to unlocking the sector’s full potential. During my tenure as Kerala tourism secretary, I witnessed firsthand how integrating coastal ecology with local culture can transform communities. By building capacity, utilising real-time data, and collaborating with multiple stakeholders, we improved the livelihoods of traditional fishermen, ensuring fair returns for their daily catch and an increased sense of duty towards shared sources of livelihood. By designating conservation areas and establishing marine protected zones, we can mitigate climate change effects. Collaborating with scientific institutions and local communities will ensure successful conservation and resource management. In tandem, India has the opportunity to harness renewable energy from the ocean, reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Investments in offshore wind, tidal, and wave energy research and development can foster innovation, contribute to a cleaner energy future, and enhance energy security.

India is ready to collaborate with other nations to advance a sustainable blue economy, leveraging platforms like the G20 for cooperation, knowledge sharing, and capacity building. The G20 nations must commit to safeguarding 30 per cent of the oceanic expanse by 2030, not only by establishing marine protected areas but also by ensuring sustainable management practices across all waters. It is time for action, with influential nations leading the charge towards a sustainable blue economy.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

prioritise-investing-in-athletes

Sat Jul 13 16:15:27 IST 2024

India’s sporting prowess received a significant boost with the country winning the T20 Cricket World Cup, ending a 13-year drought. What made this World Cup unique was the fact that it was co-hosted by the United States of America for the very first time. The inclusion of the US adds a remarkable dimension, heralding a new era of expanding cricket diplomacy and the growing influence of Indic soft power on the global stage.

While the road ahead for cricket in America remains challenging, this momentum beyond traditional strongholds not only diversifies the sport’s global presence, but also bolsters the soft power potential of India, whose cultural and sporting influence continues to resonate on the world stage. And that influence, in terms of cricket, is momentous. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) stands as a juggernaut in the world of cricket, propelled by staggering revenues, primarily from the Indian Premier League (IPL).

While cricket remains the crown jewel, India’s sporting ambitions are not limited to one sport. The country is making significant strides in other arenas, reflecting a broader vision to enhance its global sporting influence. The announcement of India’s bid for the 2036 Olympics exemplifies this ambition. India aims to introduce indigenous sports such as yoga, kho kho, and kabaddi, highlighting its rich cultural heritage and promoting lesser-known disciplines on a global platform. During the upcoming Paris Olympics, Indian sports administrators will lobby for the inclusion of these sports, advocating for their recognition and integration into the Olympic framework. This move is part of a strategic plan presented by the Sports Authority of India’s Mission Olympic Cell (MOC), which outlines measures to strengthen India’s bid and promote its indigenous sports. The proposal also includes chess, T20 cricket, and squash, sports where India has demonstrated considerable strength and potential.

India needs to prioritise investing in athletes of the future to ensure that our legacy in sports is sustained and strengthened. Investing in sports in India requires a multifaceted approach that addresses infrastructure, grassroots development, and institutional support. The government must prioritise building state-of-the-art sports facilities across the country. This includes not only stadiums and training centres but also local sports clubs and community grounds accessible to all. Investing in modern equipment and technology will further help nurture talent from a young age, ensuring athletes have access to world-class resources right from the beginning of their sporting journeys.

Enhancing the role of physical education in schools is crucial. Introducing comprehensive sports curricula and incentivising participation can instil a sporting culture early on. This approach not only promotes physical fitness but also identifies and nurtures talented youngsters who could potentially excel in various sports. Fostering a supportive ecosystem for athletes is essential. This involves improving sports governance, enhancing transparency, and providing adequate financial support through scholarships, sponsorships, and rewards for achievements. Strengthening sports science and sports medicine facilities will also play a key role in ensuring the holistic development and well-being of athletes.

Fostering public-private partnerships in sports can significantly augment India’s sporting landscape, enhancing sporting infrastructure, training facilities, and grassroots development programmes. By collaborating with private entities, the government can leverage additional resources, expertise, and innovative approaches to expand sports participation, improve coaching standards, and host international events.

The rise of sports in India reflects its evolving global identity, driven by robust government initiatives and extensive infrastructure development. Athletes such as Neeraj Chopra in javelin, P.V. Sindhu and Saina Nehwal in badminton, and Bajrang Punia and Vinesh Phogat in wrestling stand as inspiring examples of this transformation. As these new role models shine and cultural attitudes shift towards embracing sports as a career, the momentum must be sustained.

This journey from a cricket-centric nation to a sporting powerhouse holds the promise of a future where Indian athletes excel internationally. With strong national support and continued investment, this cycle of nurturing talent and promoting excellence is set to propel Indian sports and soft power to greater heights.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

india-s-election-process-a-marvel-of-modern-governance

Sat Jun 15 13:56:05 IST 2024

No matter who you are or where you live, you deserve the opportunity to choose the leaders who will shape your country’s future. It is this ethos that compels India’s election officers to trek 40km to Malogam village, a remote tract of land in Arunachal Pradesh, bordering China. Malogam is home to Sokhela Tayang—the lone voter in her village, who made her choice at the ballot on April 19, 2024.

In 2024, India’s general election boasted a staggering 969 million eligible voters, solidifying its status as the world’s largest democratic exercise. Electoral laws dictate that no voter should be more than 2km from a polling station, ensuring accessibility. This commitment drives extraordinary efforts, with officials winding their way through Gujarat’s Gir forest for two days to set up a booth for Mahant Haridas Udasin, the sole voter in the area—showcasing the Election Commission of India’s (ECI) commitment to the universal franchise. As a returning officer and ECI representative, I’ve witnessed firsthand the dedication of volunteers. From guiding first-time voters to offering refreshments to those enduring long lines, their actions epitomise the inclusive spirit of our vibrant democracy. India’s election process is a monumental institution in its own right, exhibiting an unmatchable commitment to inclusivity, technology, civic duty, and logistical prowess. In this election cycle, over the course of 1.5 months, 640 million ballots (twice the population of the US) were cast from every type of terrain—ice, desert, swamp, and thick jungle.

Half of the votes were cast by women. Every candidate was safe, every voter was peaceful. In contrast, 37 candidates were assassinated in Mexico’s recent elections. In 2021, the US Capitol Building was attacked by a mob to prevent the final counting of votes. These are all democracies, but each paints a very different picture. In the searing heat, poll workers manned 1.1 million polling booths in India, with 5.5 million Electronic Voting Machines (EVM). For context, that’s more EVMs than the entire population of New Zealand. The sheer size and scale of this democratic exercise, combined with its meticulous attention to safety and technological innovation, make it a marvel of modern governance. India’s deep-seated democratic traditions date back centuries, long before modern democratic states took shape. Ancient texts and historical accounts reveal a rich customs of democratic practices. The scale of India’s elections necessitates cutting-edge technological solutions. The introduction of EVMs in 1982 revolutionised the voting process, making it more efficient and tamper-proof. These machines, coupled with the Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system, ensure both digital accuracy and physical verification of votes.

Despite criticisms and concerns about potential tampering, courts have endorsed the security and integrity of EVMs. The ECI’s rigorous protocols, including GPS tracking of vehicles carrying EVMs and VVPATs, make the process undeniably secure. If this election has confirmed one fact, it is that the debate around the safety and efficacy of EVMs must be unequivocally settled—it is a tried, tested, and sound method. In comparison with other democracies, where traditional paper-based voting systems are still employed, India’s EVMs have consistently demonstrated their resilience and accuracy. EVMs offer several advantages, including faster tabulation of results, reduced likelihood of human error, and enhanced accessibility for voters with disabilities. The robust security features embedded within India’s EVMs, such as encryption and tamper-proof seals, ensure the confidentiality of the electoral process.

The indelible ink, a symbol of pride and participation, has marked the fingers of Indian voters since the 1950s. Produced exclusively by Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd, it is exported to over 25 countries. This enduring mark not only prevents multiple voting, but also fosters camaraderie among voters, symbolising a sense of integrity, civic duty, and pride in the democratic process. As general elections conclude, one truth stands clear: amidst our nation’s diversity, there beats a collective heart. From the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean, every vote cast embodies our democratic spirit, guiding us through the complexities of our time with resilience and strength.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

indian-cuisine-a-beacon-of-our-soft-power-on-global-stage

Sat May 18 15:23:44 IST 2024

Indian cuisine stands as a beacon of our soft power on the global stage. Fuelled by our vast diaspora, Indian food has transcended borders, captivating hearts and palates worldwide. Behind this culinary revolution are immensely talented chefs, crafting extraordinary dining experiences in highly acclaimed restaurants that elevate Indian cuisine to new heights. No longer confined to the familiar, Indian fare now embraces the intricacies of regional cuisine, offering a delectable journey through diverse flavours and traditions. As ambassadors of taste, these chefs are not only satisfying appetites but also bridging cultures, fostering understanding and showcasing the richness of India’s culinary heritage to the world.

In recent years, regional Indian cuisine has experienced a remarkable surge in popularity on the global culinary stage. From the aromatic spices of Tamil Nadu to the rich flavours of Punjab, the diverse regional cuisines of India are being relished by food enthusiasts worldwide. This culinary renaissance is not only due to the impeccable taste of Indian dishes but also due to the pioneering efforts of Indian chefs who have taken their expertise to international platforms.

One such chef who has left an indelible mark on the global culinary landscape is Vikas Khanna, who hails from Amritsar. Khanna’s journey to becoming a Michelin-starred chef is nothing short of inspiring. His culinary prowess, combined with a deep appreciation for traditional Indian flavours, has earned him acclaim across continents. Khanna’s restaurants in New York City and Dubai have become destinations for food aficionados seeking an authentic taste of India.

From London to Singapore, Indian chefs are redefining haute cuisine with their innovative interpretations of traditional dishes. Their success is a testament to the richness and diversity of Indian culinary heritage, which encompasses a myriad of flavours, spices and cooking techniques. Vineet Bhatia, Hemant Mathur, Gaggan Anand, Manish Mehrotra and Garima Arora are more such pioneers taking delectable Indian cuisine to the world, earning Michelin stars in the process.

One of the factors driving the global popularity of Indian cuisine is its ability to cater to diverse palates. Whether it is the fiery curries of south India or the creamy gravies of the north, Indian food offers something for everyone. Moreover, the rise of social media and food tourism has provided Indian chefs with unprecedented opportunities to showcase their talents on a global scale.

Sowndra Rajan Palanisamy, president of the Tamil Association of New Zealand Inc, in collaboration with the Arasan New Zealand Trust, is spearheading the Auckland Kari Virunthu 2.0 event, set to showcase local Indian cuisine in New Zealand.

Semma in New York City emerges as another bold exploration of southern Indian heritage cuisine, unveiling culinary treasures seldom seen beyond local homes and neighbourhoods. Chef Vijay Kumar, hailing from Tamil Nadu, channels the soulful essence of farm-life and his ancestral land onto the plate, infusing each dish with explosive flavours and regional ingredients. From the bustling streets of Mumbai to the vibrant lanes of London, Dishoom has captivated hearts with its rendition of Mumbai-style street food. Also nestled in the heart of London, Chourangi embodies the spirit of Kolkata cuisine, steeped in a legacy of recipes spanning over three centuries. Rasa by chef Das Sreedharan is a restaurant taking vegetarian recipes from the kitchen gardens of Kochi, Kerala, to the United Kingdom.

Across the globe, countless Indian chefs have journeyed abroad, ascending to the pinnacle of their craft and becoming culinary luminaries in their own right. India must harness this formidable resource by partnering with these chefs to promote Indian food through curated events and festivals. Recognised and supported by the Indian embassies, Indian chefs abroad can serve as esteemed ambassadors of their nation, leveraging their years of experience to champion Indian cuisine in foreign lands.

In the vast landscape of global gastronomy, modern and traditional interpretations of regional Indian cuisines emerge not only as a feast for the senses but also as a testament to the power of food to unite, inspire and celebrate the richness of our culture and diversity.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

lessons-from-bengalurus-water-crisis

Sat Apr 20 11:36:28 IST 2024

Once upon a time, Bengaluru was called the city of lakes. Today rampant urbanisation has decimated the lakes and the city is staring at an alarming water management crisis. Bengaluru, historically reliant on its lakes and reservoirs due to its challenging geography and scarce rainfall, is now grappling with its worst drought in 40 years. The city’s rapid expansion has ironically led to the destruction of the very water bodies that fuelled its growth, with the number of lakes plummeting from 1,000 to under 100. This crisis, affecting 7,000 villages, 1,100 wards and 220 talukas, is a stark reminder of the consequences of unplanned urbanisation. The combination of dwindling green spaces, vanishing water bodies, and a falling groundwater table paints a grim picture as the city braces for an even hotter summer.

Today, Bengaluru’s lakes are facing two significant challenges: direct encroachment and diminishing interconnections. This trend has not only increased the city’s susceptibility to drought but has also heightened the risk of flooding, exemplified by the events of 2023. Consequently, Bengaluru now requires Rs2,800 crore to repair a drainage network damaged by uncontrolled urbanisation-induced flooding, highlighting the level of financial damage such crises entail. Furthermore, lakes and stormwater drains have transformed into repositories for sewage discharged from nearby buildings and catchment areas. This has exacerbated their inability to effectively capture rainwater or stormwater, thereby compounding both the ongoing drought crisis and the flooding incident of 2023.

What Bengaluru is currently experiencing is a result of extreme mismanagement of water resources, because of reducing green spaces and a rapidly expanding concrete jungle. The city has seen a 1,055 per cent increase in the built-up areas in the past few decades, shrinking the water surface significantly. The water spread has fallen by a sharp 70 per cent in the last 50 years. Of the few remaining water bodies, a staggering 98 per cent has fallen victim to encroachment, with 90 per cent of them contaminated by untreated sewage or industrial effluents. This has had adverse effects on groundwater recharge rates, exacerbated by the substantial reduction in water coverage. These factors lie at the heart of the current crisis confronting the city.

The exodus of tech professionals from Bengaluru to their hometowns is on the rise as the water crisis in India’s tech hub reaches critical levels, making life in the city unsustainable for many. This massive infrastructural defect, where access to water is limited, can further significantly affect the investments Bengaluru attracts in the future. This can also damage Bengaluru’s reputation as a tech-driven economy, with the potential to affect the real estate market. With more than 50 per cent of borewells now dried up alongside plunging groundwater levels, real estate developers are facing a dilemma, whereby uncertainty surrounding water availability is hampering investor confidence, impacting project timelines and profitability, especially with restricted construction permits.

The city needs to redesign and reinstate water recycling and rainwater harvesting mechanisms. At present, only one-third of the city’s wastewater is repurposed externally, replenishing groundwater and surface water reservoirs. The rest flows into lakes or downstream rivers, representing a vast, unused water resource. This wastewater, if rightly utilised, could substantially reduce freshwater consumption and enhance the city’s water resilience if properly treated.

In the next five to six decades, we will see millions relocating to cities as a consequence of urbanisation. Effective water management should sit at the heart of sustainable urbanisation. Bengaluru’s water crisis is an alarm bell highlighting the vital role of efficient water management in sustainable urbanisation and should be taken as a lesson by other cities. Mindless urban development made Bengaluru steer towards options that weren’t as valuable in the long term while allowing more sustainable, already existing options to wither away. Thus, balancing our development ambitions with the changing climate around us will be key in the years to come as India urbanises.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

rise-of-indian-soft-power

Sat Mar 23 16:30:48 IST 2024

Soft power has never been more powerful. In an increasingly interconnected world, where borders are porous and technology has facilitated the seamless, real-time dissemination of vast amounts of information, influence is no longer geographically bound. In fact, at the most micro level, hundreds of individuals have made entire careers out of it.

On the global stage, the potency of soft power holds the ability to sway the perceptions of communities—strengthening cross-cultural understanding, shaping aspirations. The resurgence of the Global South, in recent years, underscored the impact of convening power in nations. As emerging economies assert their influence and challenge traditional power structures, the ability to shape narratives and cultivate positive perceptions becomes increasingly vital.

The ascendancy of soft power heralds a paradigm shift in the dynamics of international relations, and India’s rise as a global superpower serves as a perfect case-study of the benefits of institutionalising influence. The 2014 general election marked a pivotal moment for Indian foreign policy, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi ushering in a new era defined by the strategic use of soft power on both regional and global fronts. Through the adoption of digitally savvy communication strategies, the consistent engagement of the Indian diaspora, and the formal and active commemoration of India’s diverse culture, the Modi government has made significant strides to convert an ad-hoc approach to intentional, state-driven cultural dispersion.

Our startup ecosystem is flourishing, propelling India to the forefront of global innovation. As of October 3, 2023, India has emerged as the third largest ecosystem for startups worldwide, boasting over 1,12,718 startups recognised by the department for promotion of industry and internal trade, spread across 763 districts. Increasingly, homegrown startups in emerging technologies and sunrise sectors like blockchain, AI, fintech, space tourism, green energy, and semiconductors will play a key role in our ability to push for favourable global policies and regulations around new technology and data.

As the former tourism secretary of Kerala, I witnessed first-hand the potential of cultural diplomacy in elevating the state from obscurity to acclaim on the global tourism map. Through a combination of innovative marketing strategies and public-private partnerships, we rebranded Kerala as 'God's Own Country’, showcasing its rich traditions of art, cuisine, and natural beauty to audiences worldwide. From highlighting Kathakali and Kalaripayattu to reinventing Ayurveda as a holistic wellness regimen, we knew that the region’s cultural heritage was an untapped resource that could change its perception, create jobs, boost the local economy, catalyse infrastructure development, instil civic pride, and lead to the conservation of its natural ecosystems.

2023 was declared the International Year of Millets by the UN at the behest of Modi. This allowed India to share the benefits of the highly nutritious and climate-smart superfood with the world, both through substantive discussions during negotiations on sustainable agricultural solutions, and by integrating it in every official menu so that foreign delegates could experience its benefits first-hand. Soft power, embodied through the influence wielded by Modi in diplomatic circles, resulted in the fostering of international cooperation towards shared environmental and food-security goals.

As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century geopolitical landscape, the imperative of harnessing both hard and soft power becomes increasingly apparent. In the case of India, the integration of these two spheres is particularly crucial given its diverse cultural heritage, economic prowess, and strategic significance in the global arena. As a nation with a rich history and a rapidly growing economy, India's soft power assets, including its cultural exports, diaspora influence, and diplomatic outreach, play a pivotal role in shaping its global image and fostering international cooperation. However, to safeguard its interests and defend against potential threats, India also relies on a robust defence apparatus and strategic alliances, demonstrating the necessity of hard power capabilities. By harmonising its soft power initiatives with a strong military presence and strategic partnerships, India can effectively navigate geopolitical challenges while leveraging its cultural and economic strengths to promote peace, stability, and prosperity on the world stage.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

expansion-of-cities-calls-for-measures-to-make-them-disaster-resistant

Sat Feb 24 15:13:43 IST 2024

India, being the third most affected country by climate-driven natural disasters, faces a unique set of challenges and opportunities in the realm of climate resilience. The country’s extensive coastline, home to a significant portion of its population, is particularly vulnerable. Rapid urbanisation, dense population centres, and economic activities along the coastline have heightened the risk of climate impact. Thus, balancing our efforts between adaptation and mitigation is not just necessary but time-sensitive, given the escalating climate crisis within our region.

Over 40 Indian cities are among the world’s most vulnerable to climate and environmental threats, highlighting the need for urgent action to safeguard these urban centres and their socio-economic contributions. Collectively, the nine coastal states attract over 60 per cent of India’s foreign direct investment, underscoring the importance of protecting them from climate-induced phenomena such as sea-level rise, flooding and cyclones.Over the next 50 years, India is poised to witness a dramatic shift in its demographic landscape, with projections indicating that more than 500 million people will inhabit urban areas. This translates to an astonishing rate of urban migration, where every minute, approximately 30 individuals move from rural to urban settings.

This paradigm shift necessitates integrated planning that encompasses not only the physical infrastructure but also the social and economic frameworks of urban areas. It calls for innovative solutions that enhance the sustainability and livability of cities, such as green buildings, efficient waste management systems, renewable energy sources, and water conservation practices. The rapid expansion of Indian cities, particularly those along the coast, urgently requires measures to make them disaster-resistant. Investing in low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure is crucial, with an estimated need of $700 billion for Indian urban areas from 2021 to 2031. This investment aims to mitigate climate risks, safeguard lives and livelihoods, and avert significant economic damages. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are pivotal in this context, offering cost-effective and sustainable methods to enhance our environmental resources while tackling issues like climate change, poverty, and resource efficiency. These solutions not only contribute to disaster-risk reduction, carbon capture, reducing urban heat, enhancing water and food security, and improving public health but also prove economically beneficial by creating an average of seven to 40 jobs for every $1 million invested. NbS encompasses a wide range of applications, from small-scale projects like vertical gardens and green roofs to larger initiatives such as wetland conservation and mangrove restoration, demonstrating their versatility and significant impact on urban resilience.

The Indian government has recognised the importance of NbS, implementing various schemes to promote such interventions across cities. These include the Smart City Mission, AMRUT, the Nagar Van Scheme, Amrit Dharohar Yojana and MISHTI scheme among others. These low-cost, sustainable strategies not only address climate change and other societal challenges but also provide numerous benefits, including disaster risk reduction, carbon sequestration, and improved water resilience.

In the face of escalating climate challenges, Kerala stands at a critical juncture, necessitating urgent action to bolster its coastal and urban resilience. The state, known for its picturesque landscapes and rich biodiversity, is increasingly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. With the largest coastline in western India, Kerala is home to millions of people who live in close proximity to the sea, making them particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. The Kerala government has already taken steps to promote NbS and climate-resilient infrastructure. Financing these climate-resilient initiatives, however, poses a significant challenge. With the global need for urban climate projects estimated at trillions of dollars, attracting climate finance requires clear strategies and engagement with the specific vulnerabilities of each region. Kerala must enhance transparency, accountability, and access to climate finance through simplified mechanisms and leveraging blended financing options.

India’s path to resilience involves tapping into both domestic and international capital, prioritising nature-based solutions, and ensuring community involvement at all levels. By focusing on climate-proofing infrastructure and enhancing access to finance and technology, India can build a sustainable and resilient future for its urban centres, especially those in coastal states, safeguarding the well-being of its people and the economy against the looming threats of climate change.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

why-100-per-cent-electrification-by-2030-is-critical

Sat Jan 27 15:29:45 IST 2024

India’s EV (electric vehicle) sector is witnessing substantial growth, positioning the nation as a major global market for electric vehicles (EVs) by 2030. Ten years ago, electric vehicles were perceived as an overly ambitious idea with slim prospects compared with conventional vehicles. However, in 2023, and now into 2024, they have emerged as one of the most rapidly expanding segments in India’s automotive industry. Supported by a range of government initiatives and private-sector-led transformative and sustainable business models, EV adoption has witnessed notable surges and the demand for economical and eco-friendly transport is expected to skyrocket in coming years.

Transformation of India’s automotive sectors is key; it contributes seven per cent to its GDP, 35 per cent to manufacturing GDP and over eight per cent (or $35 billion) to total exports. India has the third-largest global auto market, is the largest producer of three-wheelers, the second-largest manufacturer of two-wheelers and buses and the fourth largest of passenger cars. India is also making remarkable strides in the export of EVs; the EV export market grew 246 per cent in the first seven months of 2023. These remarkable statistics form the bedrock of India’s electric mobility revolution and the time has come to capitalise on this sunrise sector.

India must replicate the success of its ICE (internal combustion engine) industry in the electric vehicle ecosystem. India’s strategy with EVs in the 21st century should draw parallels with Japan’s strategy with ICE vehicles in the 20th century. By developing its EV market, India should mirror Japan’s historical success in breaking into global markets with strong domestic demand and significant export potential. Specific component-level manufacturing, battery production, and a holistic approach to the value chain, including charging infrastructure and recycling, are critical elements for achieving this.

Electrification of two and three-wheelers has been a remarkable achievement, but achieving 100 per cent electrification by 2030 is critical to becoming the world’s automobile champion. A similar trajectory for electric buses is pivotal in further greening and expanding India’s public transport networks, as India will see more than 500 million citizens getting into the process of urbanisation in the next few decades. Addressing road transport emissions is key; it accounts for 11 per cent of India’s energy-related CO2 emissions and this share is expected to significantly increase as India develops and urbanises. To meet its 2030 target for EVs, India needs to adopt millions of EVs, demanding battery capacities in hundreds of Gwh.

Original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and battery manufacturers should swiftly expand production and establish new battery manufacturing centres, recognising that batteries constitute around 40 per cent of EV costs. Conventional OEMs should align with swiftly changing customer and market preferences through technological advancements to maintain competitiveness. Embracing a collaborative ecosystem is essential for a thriving market amidst this current tide of the EV revolution, and Indian companies have carried themselves positively in these waves of change. Collaborative innovation between electricity producers, energy storage providers, recyclers of critical components and EV manufacturers is extremely pivotal to building a sustainable, reliable and cost-effective EV ecosystem in India.

India’s EV sector is observing a significant number of collaborations, partnerships, merger and acquisition transactions, the rise of promising start-ups, and the unveiling of substantial projects by automotive giants. The EV industry is also drawing significant FDI. VinFast, a Vietnamese EV giant, recently unveiled a $2 billion project in Tamil Nadu.

This is the right time to enable a transformational revolution in India’s automotive sector and accelerating adoption of EVs sits at the heart of this revolution. This strategic move not only aligns with global trends but also presents a unique opportunity for India to shape the future of mobility for itself and the world. India can position itself as a trailblazer in sustainable transport. This not only addresses environmental concerns but also contributes significantly to economic growth and global competitiveness. As the automotive landscape evolves, the acceleration of EV adoption emerges as the catalyst that propels India into a future where innovation, sustainability, and economic prosperity converge in a harmonious and sustainable automotive ecosystem.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.

cop28-move-beyond-rhetoric

Fri Dec 29 15:00:44 IST 2023

As the world continues to grapple with unprecedented climate disasters, the recently concluded COP28 in Dubai marked a significant milestone in global efforts to address climate change. The two-week summit saw more than 190 nations agreeing to a text known as the Global Stocktake, which, for the first time, urges countries to transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems, “in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science”. And the science is sobering—urging us to act now, act big, and act fast. The urgency reflected in this call is a direct reflection of the compelling scientific consensus on the precarious state of our planet’s climate. Striving for net zero emissions by 2050 means aiming to balance the amount of greenhouse gases we release with what we remove—aligning with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. This target is crucial because it helps prevent severe and irreversible damage to the environment and our communities, as agreed upon in the Paris Agreement.

However, the world is significantly off-course from this target. As nations continue to grapple with the complexities of transitioning away from fossil fuels, the truth remains that our carbon emissions are depleting the Remaining Carbon Budget (RCB) of 250 gigatonnes of annual CO2 emissions at an alarming rate. This budget, likened to a finite allowance of greenhouse gas emissions, is on track to be exhausted by 2029 at the current annual rate of 40 GtCO2, underscoring the urgency for immediate and substantial actions. The global community is at a crucial juncture where the gap between our aspirations for a sustainable future and the reality of our current trajectory demands a radical and collective rethinking of our approach to climate action.

The G20’s commitment to tripling global renewable energy capacity by 2030 is a commendable step, yet the emphasis on substantially scaling up climate finance from billions to trillions is crucial for enabling developing nations to transition away from fossil fuels. This financial commitment recognises the immense resources required for these nations to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and achieve the ambitious targets set in the Paris Agreement. In addition, the focus on inclusive economic growth and development, with an emphasis on Lifestyles for Sustainable Development (LiFE), reflects a commitment to addressing both supply and consumption-side challenges.

India’s insistence on including the climate-vulnerable African Union as a permanent member of the G20 speaks of the importance of global solidarity. Decolonising decarbonisation—i.e., addressing historical inequities in climate action by prioritising justice, inclusivity, and empowering marginalised communities—is the key to unlocking a future that is fair, inclusive, and sustainable.

In the face of promising developments at COP28, challenges and loopholes persist in the global climate agenda. The transition away from fossil fuels encounters hurdles such as resistance from oil-producing nations, policy inertia in some regions, and the economic constraints faced by developing nations. Further, while international agreements outline targets and aspirations, they often lack effective enforcement mechanisms. For instance, the Paris Agreement relies on voluntary commitments without imposing binding obligations, allowing some nations to set ambitious targets without facing tangible consequences for non-compliance.

Corporate influence, ambiguous commitments, inadequate monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and a lack of financial accountability, all point to a pressing need to strengthen international frameworks, establishing clear and enforceable guidelines, and fostering a culture of accountability and transparency.

As COP28 concludes, the world stands at a crossroads. The urgency of climate action is clear, and we need to move towards implementation on ground. One per cent of the global companies account for 4 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions. The stock markets need to hold them accountable and punish them. The challenge now lies in ensuring that the global community moves beyond rhetoric, addresses loopholes, and takes concrete steps to transition away from fossil fuels.

Author is G20 Sherpa. He is ex-CEO, NITI Aayog.